Diabetes Pt 3 Flashcards
main features of metabolic syndrome
Insulin resistance, High blood pressure, Cholesterol abnormalities, Risk for increased clotting, Most often overweight or obese, Abdominal Obesity
prevalence of metabolic syndrome
20-30% of the population
risk factors of metabolic syndrome
Obesity is the greatest risk factors, Smoking, High carbohydrate, Lack of exercise
associated problems with metabolic syndrome
Paves the way for diabetes and heart disease Associated with fat accumulation in the liver Microbluminuria
Sleep apnea
Polycystic ovary syndrome *Dementia/cognitive declin
treatment for metabolic syndrome
Treat underling cause
Treat cardiovascular risk factors
Lifestyle modifications
Medications to reduce lipids and BP
lifestyle modifications for metabolic syndrome
diet- Mediterranean diet (heart-healthy eating plan that emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts and seeds, and healthy fats
exercise
weight reduction
what effects blood glucose and insulin
Drugs – TPN, steroids, Exercise, Alcohol, Diet, Liver disease, Kidney diseas
diabetic management “pearls”
When mixing insulins, draw up the regular insulin first Tid glucose monitoring is highly recommended
Allow mild hyperglycemia for the patient undergoing surgery—treat with short acting insulins
For elective surgery, schedule patient early in day to avoid prolonged fasting
more diabetic “pearls”
Use U-100 syringes for U-100 vials
In patients with insulin pumps, use regular insulin or insulin aspart. Generally will deliver one unit per hour w/bolus insulin before meals
Tight glycemic control can reduce the complications of diabetes.
Use ACE inhibitors to delay nephropathy
Limit dietary intake of protein
Absorption of injected insulin in abdomen is…
not uniform with injections in arms or legs
what is related to hepatotoxicity
Glitazones
metformin should be used cautiously in who
cautiously with liver and renal impairment. Concern that with hepatotoxicity, because risks of lactic acidosis are increased.
why should insulin injection sites be rotated
Rotate sites of injection of insulin to avoid development of lipodystrophy
