Sensory Perception Flashcards
Unit 1
What is the Difference between sensory deficit, overload, and deprivation?
Sensory deficit is A deficit in the expected function of one or more of the five senses.
Sensory deprivation is A reduction in or absence of stimuli to one or more of the five senses.
Sensory overload is Receiving stimuli at a rate and intensity beyond the brain’s ability to process the stimuli in a meaningful way.
Cranial Nerves
Nerve
Number
Function
Test for Proper Function
Olfactory
I
Sensory to nose for smell
Ask client to identify specific smells, such as coffee or peppermint, testing each nostril separately.
Optic
II
Sensory to eye for vision
Test visual acuity using Snellen chart or by having client read printed material.
Oculomotor
III
Motor to eye
Check extraocular movements by assessing the 6 directions of gaze.
Check pupillary reaction to light and accommodation.
Trochlear
IV
Motor to eye
Assess the 6 directions of gaze.
Trigeminal
V
Sensory to face
Motor to muscles of jaw
Assess corneal reflex.
Palpate the masseter muscles at the temple while client clenches jaw.
Check sensation by lightly touching over the face with a cotton ball.
Abducens
VI
Motor to eye
Assess the 6 directions of gaze.
Facial
VII
Sensory to tongue for taste
Motor to face for expression
Monitor for symmetry of the face when the client smiles and raises/lowers eyebrows.
Check perception of sweet and salty tastes on the front of the tongue.
Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)
VIII
Sensory to ear for hearing and balance
Whisper a word 2 to 3 cm away from one ear while client occludes the other ear. Check both ears.
Observe the client’s balance as they walk.
Glossopharyngeal
IX
Sensory to tongue for taste
Motor to pharynx (throat)
Check perception of sweet and sour tastes on the back of the tongue.
Use a tongue blade to check the gag reflex.
Assess the ability to swallow.
Vagus
X
Sensory to pharynx
Motor to vocal cords
Parasympathetic innervation to heart lungs, abdominal organs
Have client say “ah” and observe palate and pharynx for movement.
Listen for hoarseness of voice.
Assess pulse, bowel sounds.
Accessory
XI
Motor to muscles of neck
Observe ability to turn head side to side.
Monitor client’s ability to shrug shoulders against resistance from examiner’s hands.
Hypoglossal
XII
Motor to tongue
Ask client to stick tongue out, observe if midline;
Assess ability to move tongue side to side.
What are the conditions that interfere with the client’s ability to process sensory input?
A charge nurse is discussing sensory processing disorder (SPD) with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the charge nurse make?
“SPD causes clients to be overly sensitive to stimuli, such as the feel of fabric on their skin.”
The inability to see faraway objects clearly is what
myopia or nearsightedness
The inability to see nearby objects clearly is known as what?
hyperopia or farsightedness
What is astigmatism?
A defect in the eye making objects nearby and faraway look blurry or distorted.
What is presbyopia?
Age-related farsightedness, or a gradual decrease in the ability to clearly see nearby
What is the leading cause of blindness in adults?
Diabetic retinopathy
What is cataracts?
Clouding of the lens of the eye that causes the vision to be blurry, hazy or less colorful.
What is glaucoma?
An increase in intraocular pressure due to the buildup of fluid; that causes compression of the optic nerve.
An irreversible degeneration of the macula that leads to a loss of central vision as clients age is known as what?
Macular degeneration
What is Tinnitus?
Ringing or A sound that other people usually cannot hear.
What is sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)?
The most common type of hearing loss; occurs from the problems either in the inner ear or the auditory nerve
Loss of hearing that occurs due to aging is
Presbycusis
What causes ototoxicity and what does it do?
Some medications; Causing damage to or dysfunction of the cochlea or vestibule.
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client. Which of the following classifications of medications should the nurse identify as being ototoxic?
Loop diuretics is correct. Some loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are ototoxic medications.
NSAIDs is correct. Some ototoxic medications are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Aminoglycoside antibiotics is correct. Aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics can be ototoxic. This includes medication such as streptomycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin.
What is conductive hearing loss?
Inability of sound to travel from the outer ear to the eardrum and middle ear.
Which of the following factors are a potential cause of conductive hearing loss? Select all that apply
Trauma to the outer ear is correct. Trauma to either the middle or outer ear can cause hearing loss.
Inflammation is correct. Inflammation causes the canal to narrow, which reduces the ability of sound to travel from the outer to inner ear.
Cerumen buildup is correct. Cerumen buildup in the ear canal causes blockage, reducing the ability of sound to travel to the inner ear structures.
Otitis media is correct. Otitis media causes inflammation or an accumulation of fluid in the ear and can result in conductive hearing loss.
What is Otitis media?
Inflammation in or the build up of fluid in the middle ear.
Abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear that can cause conductive hearing loss is known as
otosclerosis
What is cerebration?
The act of thinking, or using one’s mind
Aphasia
A disorder that affects a client’s ability to articulate and understand speech and written language
Expressive VS Comprehensive VS Global Aphasia
Expressive aphasia
Also known as Broca’s or nonfluent aphasia and is due to damage to the frontal lobe of the brain. A client who has Broca’s aphasia may understand speech but will be unable to speak the words they want to say.
Comprehensive aphasia
Also called Wernicke’s or fluent aphasia, caused by damage to the temporal lobe of the brain. A client who has Wernicke’s aphasia speaks in long sentences that have no meaning and often include unnecessary and made-up words.
Global aphasia
Severe impairments in communication caused by significant damage to various language areas of the brain. Clients who have this type of aphasia have poor comprehension of language and may be unable to form words or sentences.
