Nursing Foundations Flashcards
Unit 1
What is the development of nursing as a profession?
Nursing has early beginnings starting with volunteers who had little education but still cared for injured and sick soldiers. Pioneers such as Florence Nightingale, Clara Barton, Dorothea Dix, Ildaura Murillo-Rohde, and Eddie Bernice Johnson influenced the nursing profession.
What are the five stages of proficiency?
Stage 1: Novice
This initial stage covers nursing students and new nurses who have no previous experience. Novices cannot yet draw on their own judgment. The novice struggles to decide which tasks are most relevant in real-life situations.
Stage 2: Advanced Beginner
The advanced beginner has been involved in enough real-world situations to be able to recognize patterns and recurrent situations. A problem at this stage is that the focus is on remembering and following the rules and guidelines that have been taught. The advanced beginner needs clinical support to set priorities so that clients receive the care they need.
Stage 3: Competent
The competent nurse is able to prioritize tasks by drawing on past experiences. These nurses may not function with the same speed or ease of change as proficient nurses, but they have mastery in multiple areas. Competent nurses recognize patterns in clinical situations more quickly and accurately than advanced beginners can.
Stage 4: Proficient
The proficient nurse is able to understand the bigger picture or the desired outcome of situations, which facilitates improved decision making. Proficient nurses are able to respond to changing situations and modify plans in the face of different events.
Stage 5: Expert
The expert nurse has extensive experience and knowledge to draw from when responding to complex client conditions. At this stage, nurses have self-confidence and trust their intuitive sense of a situation. Expert nurses know what needs to be done and are able to perform it well.
What are the roles of nurses?
Nurses have many roles, such as care provider, case manager, researcher, educator, leader, manager, change manager, and change agent.
What are the competencies of nursing?
Nursing competencies include advocacy, change management, communication, and collaboration.
Nursing competencies are the knowledge, attitudes, values, and skills that nurses are expected to possess to provide safe care. The level range from novice, proficient, to mastery levels or could be based upon performance or standards achieved.
Define the roles of the nurse.
Care provider; promotes health and addresses illness with compassion.
Case manager; manage care of the entire client by communicating with the appropriate interpersonal team ex physical therapy, occupational therapy, home health nursing, speech therapy and educating about illness and medicines. Usually has clinical experience and may require a MSN or certification in case management.
Researcher; All nurses utilize research to provide evidence-based care, which is delivery of care (e.g., procedures, assessments, interventions) and that is supported by scientific research showing its factual accuracy and effectiveness.
You also have the formal Nurse Researcher/ Nurse Scientist develop nursing knowledge by conducting research and publishing the results. They work in a laboratory at a pharmaceutical or in the fields of (oncology, neurology) , clinics, or in a university’s school of nursing. Usually has experience with research and evidence based practice and possesses a PhD.
Education; client, student and new nurse education is implemented daily. Usually a preceptor is doing this and usually has experience. formal Nursing Educators; Will need to possess a graduate degree of (MSN,SNP,PhD) along with years of clinical experience. You also have Clinical nurse educators that provide education to the nurses who work in the facility (train new staff, introduce new technologies (e.g., computerized documentation IV infusion pumps, cardiac monitors).
Leader; 1. Assigned leadership of formal positions such as Nurse Manager, Nursing director or Chief Nurse Officer (CNO). 2. Emergent leadership such as Staff Nurse’s improve the quality of care and the work environment.
Change Agent; All nurses recognize a need to improve care, safety, or health of the client, by communicating, collaborating, and then creating a plan for change. They are reliable and credible
Define the competencies of nursing
advocacy - Supporting and Speaking up for clients to make choices for their own health. Another example would be a nurse who is a member of a local non profit organization focusing on enriching the youth (prevention), could assist by obtaining funding by writing a grant application.
Change management - Help to bring change with a goal to constantly improve the staff workflow and the clients outcomes.
Communication- The true personal way to convey trust, empathy, understanding, cultural consideration and interest without speaking a word. Must begin with intentional listening while showing compassion and respect.
Collaboration- To work together as an interprofessional team to address various aspects of the clients health. They then coordinate care, make a plan and set goals for the best client outcome.)
What is the importance of nursing organizations in the profession? Describe it
Nursing practice is regulated at state and national levels. Both levels receive guidance from nursing organizations that set standards of care. Example of organizations that impact and support the nursing profession are the National League of Nursing (NLN), the American Academy of Medicine, the National Student Nurses Association (NSNA), and the American Nurses Association (ANA).
What are some current issues in nursing and in health care?
The use of smartphones and social media in the clinical setting, issues in the work setting such as stress and substance use, the nursing shortage, the opioid epidemic, and health literacy.
The American Nurses Association (ANA)
Defines nursing
Provides support for lobbying
“The Nursing Scope” “Standards of Practice” “Code of Ethics”
The National Academy of Medicine (NAM)
Provides objective data to improve the health of society.
“ION Future of Nursing report”
The National Student Nursing Association (NSNA)
produces the “Imprint” magazine which reports current trends and issues.
Examples of continuing learning opportunities for nurses
Online continuing education journal articles
Nursing skill refresher opportunities
Continuing education presentations
Participating in healthcare research
Clara Barton
Founded the american red cross
Dorthea Dix
advocating for mental health reform and indigenous rights.
Eddie Bernice Johnson
first registered nurse elected to Congress as a Texas state senator.
