Sensory Organs Flashcards
What are the general sense organs?
tactile, temperature, pain receptors, and proprioceptors.
What enables us to experience touch, pressure, vibrations, pain, changes in temp, and muscle stretch?
general sense organs
Where are the receptors for these senses spread?
throughout the integumentary system and some internal organs
What brings information about pressure, touch and vibration?
tactile receptors
Where are tactile receptors located?
via the skin but more abundant in areas like fingertips and lips
Which receptors enable you to sense changes in temp?
temperature receptors
where are temperature receptors located at?
throughout the body, concentrated in lips, mouth and anus
Where are pain receptors located?
throughout skin and some internal organs
allow us to sense the body part position without looking and sense whether the parts are moving and in which direction
proprioceptors
Proprioceptors are located where?
within muscles, joints, tendons.
how do proprioceptors work
once receptors detect stimulus such as pain, touch, pressure the stimulus converted into electrical signal or nerve impulse, travels to nerve pathways in brain, interprets impulses, sends order back to nerves to react with muscles
What are the special sense organs
eyes, ears, nose and taste buds
What are special senses
touch, vision, hearing, smell and taste
How is touch mediated?
via integumentary systems
How do organ sensorys work?
organs receive sensory signals and transmit them to the brain through cranial nerves
What can detect about 10, 000 different smells
the nose
what enables the nose to smell
olfactory bulb or olfactory epithelium
What happens when the olfactory nerves are damaged
sense of smell is impaired forever
why does a pungent odor dull?
the nerves tire quickly
what is the only skeletal muscle that has sensory capability
tongue
What does the tongue help with?
to speak, moves food when chewing, molds food in a bolus for swallowing.
What covers the surface of the tongue with visible, bumpy hair like projections
papillae
disease caused by increased pressure in eye, results in damaaged optic nerve
glaucoma
What are factors that cause glaucoma?
hypertension, obesity, migraines, and heredity
most common form of glaucoma
open angle glaucoma
What can treat open angle glaucoma
medications, lasik, and surgery
is a cloudiness of the eye’s lens due to increased age
cataract
what can cause a caract
trauma, radiation exposure
inflammation or irritation of conjunctiva
conjuctivitis
outer ear infection
external otitis
middle ear infection
otitis media
external otitis is called
swimmers ear
What are the two most important structures in the body
brain and spinal cord
what are the two bone types that form outer covering?
cranial bone and vertebrae
What are the three distinct layers of tissue, known as meninges that form inner coverign
dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
what allows nourishment to pass via complex channel system
meninges
what is the thick, tough membrane, that contains channels for blood to pass into brain tissue
dura mater
is below the dura mater, contains many blood vessels that carry nourishment to the tissue
subdural space
layer that is made of connective tissues and a rich supply of blood vessels
pia mater
fight or flight response
sympathetic nervous system
nervous system by exerting opposite effects on internal organs, slows down heart rate,
parasympathetic nervous system
or nerves cell
neuron
what is the sole purpose of the neuron
conduct signals from end of the nervous system to the other
means to carry something toward a center
afferent
means to carry something away from the cente
efferent
slowly degenerative disease caused by shrinking levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine
parkinsons disease
neurotransmitter vital for normal functioning of posture, control. physical support and voluntary movement
dopamine
What the four hallmark signs of parkinson’s
resting tremor, muscular stiffness, slowing of movements, impaired postural reflexes
loss of memory, poor judgment, general withdrawal from daily life
Alzheimer’s disease
What are the early signs of AD?
memory loss, difficulty performing familiar tasks, speech impairment, disorientation, and significant mood or behavior changes.
inflammation of myelin sheath that covers the nerve pathways in the brain and spinal cord.
multiple sclerosis
Who is MS more common in?
woman than men
What are MS symptoms?
tingling, numbness, weakness affecting certain areas of body
inflammation of meninges due to infection
meningitis
symptoms of meningitis
fever, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, inability to tolerate bright light, deep red or purple skin rash, drowsiness, even unconsciousenss
rare disease that causes weakness in certain skeletal muscle groups due to faulty transmission of nerve impluses to those muscles,
myasthenia gravis
What are the symtoms of Myasthenia Gravis
muscular weakness, drooping eyelids, double vision, difficulty talking and swallowing.
sudden onset of neurological deficit in blood vessels that supply blood to brain
stroke
what are the two causes of strokes
thrombus (blood clot) or hemorrhage (bleeding)
