Cardio Flashcards
what is the condition that determines if a patient has elevated blood pressure readings of a period of time?
hypertension
What is known as the silent killer
hypertension
What is a major factor for hypertension?
atherosclerosis (build up of plaque in arteries)
What can uncontrolled hypertension lead to?
stroke, heart attacks, peripheral vascular disease, chronic kidney disease and retinal disease
What is the following: less than 120 sys and less than 80 diastolic?
normal
What is at risk bp?
120-139 sys and 80-89 dia
What is considered high bp?
sys 140+ and dia 90+
What is the amount of pressure that the blood presses as the ventricles of the heart, contract?
Systolic Blood pressure
What is the measure of the same pressure when the heart is relaxed?
Diastolic blood pressure
What are a few risks of high blood pressure
increased age, high salt, hyperlipemia, overweight/obese, not active, smoking and family high bp
What is the best treatment for high bp
losing weight, less salt, no alcohol or smoking, healthy diet
what medications are known as “water pills”?
Diruetics
What medication stops the kidneys from reabsorbing water and electrolytes?
diuretics
How does diuretics lower blood pressure?
by lowering the blood pressure volume
What are Aldactone, Lasix, Bumex, Esidrix form of?
diruetic meds
Which med has the following side effects: hypotension, electrolyte deficiencies, arrhythmias, and dehydration?
diruetics
What medication acts on the beta receptors in the heart?
beta blockers
What meds causes decreased heart rate, cardiac input and lowers bp?
beta blockers
which meds also are helpful in patients that have an increased heart rate at rest?
beta blocker
What meds usually end in “LOL”, for example
beta blockers
which medication has the following side effect: hypotension, dizziness, syncope, bradycardia, fatigue, and hepatic toxicity
beta blockers
Which medication decreases the fluid volume and causes peripheral vasodilation that results in lower bp.
ACE (Angiotension converting enzymes
Which medications usually end in suffix -pril, example: captropril, lisinopril, enalpril, and benazepril
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme
which med has the following S.E (hyperkalemia, hypotension, dry persitent cough, angioedema, increased creatinine
ACE
Which meds produces similar end results as ACE inhitors, to lower bp?
ARBS Angiotension II receptor blockers
Which med usually end in -Sartan? Ex Losartan, Valsartan, and irbesartan
ARBS
which med hinders calcium in the vascular smooth muscle of the heart, results in heart muscle relaxation decreasing bp
CCB calcium channel blocker
Which meds usually end in -pine such as dilitazem, verapamil, amlodipine, and felodipine
CCB
Which meds cans cause hypotension, dizziness, flushing ,heartache, tachycardia, and congestive heart failure
CCB
What meds are used in dangerously high bp in emergency situations due to the rapid effect on lowering bp?
Vasodilators
What med has the side effects of tachycardia, edema, lupus and postural hypotension
Vasodilators
what is it when the heart can’t deliver an adequate supply of blood to the metabolizing tissues due to water and sodium retention (can be confused with a heart attack)?
congestive heart failure
what term is used to imply edematous state associated with fluid retention?
congestive
What are fatigue, increased urination at night, swelling, shortness of breath, tachycardia and nausea/vomiting?
CHF
What is disorganized or abnormal heart rhythms, can be caused by hypertension, ACS, and heart failure?
Dysrhythmia
What is it when a thrombus develops in a coronary artery that is narrowed by atherosclerosis?
Myocardial infarction
What is when plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries?
atherosclerosis
one of today’s leading health problems
coronary artery disease
What is it when the heart doesn’t recieve oxygen
ischemia
what is the result of pain, with the lack of oxygen in the heart
angina
What is known as a heart attack
MI - myocardial infarction
