gastro, urinary & repro Flashcards
which system is responsible for absorption and digestion of the food we eat
gastrointestinal system
Which system maintains an appropriate water and electrolyte balance and eliminates waste in the form of urine
urinary system
What is the GI system also known as
digestive system
What is the long, continuous tube that stretches from the mouth to the anus?
GI Tract
what is the flow of food?
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine and rectum
What are the accessory organs
salivary gland, liver, and pancrease
what are the 4 major functions of digestion
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
what is the process of putting food into the mouth, chewing and swallowing?
ingestion
The process of physically, chemically breaking chunks and large molecules of food into small molecules that will pass via cell membranes
digestion
What are the substances that break down complex nutrients
digestive enzymes
What does proteins get turned into
simpler amino acids
What does sugars get turned into
simple sugars, such as glucose
What does fats get turned into
fatty acids, and triglycerides
What is the process of transferring digested food into intestinal membranes into blood circulation (taking nutrients to the liver for further processing or storage)
absorption
The process of passing undigested and unabsorbed food out of the body in the form of stool
eliminaiton
What moves the food down into the esophagus and causes the esophagus muscles to contract and expel food
peristalsis
How many parts does the stomach have
three
What are the stomach parts
fundus, body, and pylorus
Which is the broad portion near the esophagus
fundus
What is the central portion of the stomach
body
what is the lower, narrow section that joins the small intestine
pylorus
What is the membrane that lines the various cavities in the body and surrounds internal organs
mucosa
what are the series of ridges that fold, and unfold as the stomach fills up
rugae
what does the stomach push up against when the stomach is overfull
diaphragm
Which layers of muscle allow the stomach to contort and twist
longitudinal, oblique, and circular
What is the main goal of the reproductive organs
allow fertilization
What is the seed or germ cells called
gametes
female gametes
ova or ovum or egg
male gametes
spermatozoa or sperm
Where are the gametes produced in
gonad organs
What is directly related to the growth and function of the reproductive organs themselves
primary sex characteristics
What refer to masculine or feminine body feat such as beard growth and breast develop
secondary sex charact.
What is the fusing of ovum and sperm
fertilization
What part of the kidneys filters blood, removes wastes, and reabsorbs essential electrolytes
nephron
What speeds up the chemical reactions and aids in digestion of nutrients
enzymes
forms the anterior portion of the roof of mouth
hard palate
muscular palate
soft palate
irregular ridges in the muscous membrane covering the anterior portions of the hard palate
rugae
chewing
mastication
swallowing
deglutition
small raised areas on the tongue
papillae
shows above gum line
crown
lies within the bony tooth socket
root
outermost layer of the crown, and protects tooth
enamel
main substance of the tooth, lies beneath enamel and extends throughout the crown
dentin
covers, protects, and supports the dentin in the root
cementum
surrounds the cementum and holds tooth in place in the tooth socket
periodontal membrane
saliva is released from where?
parotid gland, submandibular, and sublingual gland
lower portion of stomach
antrum
rings of muscles that controls openings into and leading out of the stomach
sphincters
relaxes, contracts to move food from esophagus into the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
allows food to leave the stomach and enter small intestine when its ready
pyloric sphincter
enzyme that begins digestion of proteins
pepsin
is secreted to digest protein and kill any bacteria in food
hydrochloric acid
an/o
anus
append/o
appendix
bucc/o
cheek
cec/o
cecum
celi/o
belly, abdomen
