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gastro, urinary & repro Flashcards

1
Q

which system is responsible for absorption and digestion of the food we eat

A

gastrointestinal system

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2
Q

Which system maintains an appropriate water and electrolyte balance and eliminates waste in the form of urine

A

urinary system

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3
Q

What is the GI system also known as

A

digestive system

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4
Q

What is the long, continuous tube that stretches from the mouth to the anus?

A

GI Tract

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5
Q

what is the flow of food?

A

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine and rectum

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6
Q

What are the accessory organs

A

salivary gland, liver, and pancrease

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7
Q

what are the 4 major functions of digestion

A

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

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8
Q

what is the process of putting food into the mouth, chewing and swallowing?

A

ingestion

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9
Q

The process of physically, chemically breaking chunks and large molecules of food into small molecules that will pass via cell membranes

A

digestion

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10
Q

What are the substances that break down complex nutrients

A

digestive enzymes

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11
Q

What does proteins get turned into

A

simpler amino acids

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12
Q

What does sugars get turned into

A

simple sugars, such as glucose

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13
Q

What does fats get turned into

A

fatty acids, and triglycerides

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14
Q

What is the process of transferring digested food into intestinal membranes into blood circulation (taking nutrients to the liver for further processing or storage)

A

absorption

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15
Q

The process of passing undigested and unabsorbed food out of the body in the form of stool

A

eliminaiton

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16
Q

What moves the food down into the esophagus and causes the esophagus muscles to contract and expel food

A

peristalsis

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17
Q

How many parts does the stomach have

A

three

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18
Q

What are the stomach parts

A

fundus, body, and pylorus

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19
Q

Which is the broad portion near the esophagus

A

fundus

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20
Q

What is the central portion of the stomach

A

body

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21
Q

what is the lower, narrow section that joins the small intestine

A

pylorus

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22
Q

What is the membrane that lines the various cavities in the body and surrounds internal organs

A

mucosa

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23
Q

what are the series of ridges that fold, and unfold as the stomach fills up

A

rugae

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24
Q

what does the stomach push up against when the stomach is overfull

A

diaphragm

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25
Which layers of muscle allow the stomach to contort and twist
longitudinal, oblique, and circular
26
What is the main goal of the reproductive organs
allow fertilization
27
What is the seed or germ cells called
gametes
28
female gametes
ova or ovum or egg
29
male gametes
spermatozoa or sperm
30
Where are the gametes produced in
gonad organs
31
What is directly related to the growth and function of the reproductive organs themselves
primary sex characteristics
32
What refer to masculine or feminine body feat such as beard growth and breast develop
secondary sex charact.
33
What is the fusing of ovum and sperm
fertilization
34
What part of the kidneys filters blood, removes wastes, and reabsorbs essential electrolytes
nephron
35
What speeds up the chemical reactions and aids in digestion of nutrients
enzymes
36
forms the anterior portion of the roof of mouth
hard palate
37
muscular palate
soft palate
38
irregular ridges in the muscous membrane covering the anterior portions of the hard palate
rugae
39
chewing
mastication
40
swallowing
deglutition
41
small raised areas on the tongue
papillae
42
shows above gum line
crown
43
lies within the bony tooth socket
root
44
outermost layer of the crown, and protects tooth
enamel
45
main substance of the tooth, lies beneath enamel and extends throughout the crown
dentin
46
covers, protects, and supports the dentin in the root
cementum
47
surrounds the cementum and holds tooth in place in the tooth socket
periodontal membrane
48
saliva is released from where?
parotid gland, submandibular, and sublingual gland
49
lower portion of stomach
antrum
50
rings of muscles that controls openings into and leading out of the stomach
sphincters
51
relaxes, contracts to move food from esophagus into the stomach
lower esophageal sphincter
52
allows food to leave the stomach and enter small intestine when its ready
pyloric sphincter
53
enzyme that begins digestion of proteins
pepsin
54
is secreted to digest protein and kill any bacteria in food
hydrochloric acid
55
an/o
anus
56
append/o
appendix
57
bucc/o
cheek
58
cec/o
cecum
59
celi/o
belly, abdomen
60
cheil/o
lip
61
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
62
choledoch/o
common bile duct
63
col/o
colon
64
colon/o
colon
65
dent/i
tooth
66
duoden/o
duodenum
67
enter/o
intestines, usually
68
faci/o
face
69
gastr/o
stomach
70
gingiv/o
gums
71
gloss/o
tongue
72
hepat/o
liver
73
ile/o
ileum
74
jejun/o
jejunum
75
labi/o
lip
76
lapar/o
abdomen
77
lingu/o
tongue
78
mandibul/o
lower jaw, mandible
79
odont/o
tooth
80
or/o
mouth
81
palat/o
palate
82
pancreat/o
pancreas
83
peritone/o
peritoneum
84
proct/o
anus and rectum
85
rect/o
rectum
86
sialaden/o
salivary gland
87
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
88
stomat/o
mouth
89
uvul/o
uvula
90
amyl/o
starch
91
bil/i
gall, bile
92
billirubin/o
billirubin or bile pigment
93
chol/e
gall, bile
94
chlorhydr/o
hydrochloric acid
95
gluc/o, glyc/o
sugar
96
glycogen/o
glycogen, animal starch
97
lith/o
stone
98
prot/o
protein
99
sial/o
saliva, salivary
100
-ase
enzyme
101
-chezia
defecation, elimination of wastes
102
-iasis
abnormal condition
103
-prandial
meal
104
cause of the illness and treatment
etiology
105
lack of appetite
anorexia
106
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
ascites
107
rumbling or gurgling noises by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract
boborygmi
108
difficulty in passing stools (feces)
constipation
109
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
diarrhea
110
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
111
gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
eructation
112
gas expelled via anus
flatus
113
passage of fresh, bright red blood from rectum
hematochezia
114
yellow- orange coloration of skin and whites of eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood
jaundice
115
black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
melena
116
unpleasant sensation in the stomach with tendency to vomit
nauseas
117
fat in feces
steatorrhea
118
inflamation of the mouth with small painful ulcers
aphthous stomatitis
119
tooth decay
dental caries
120
inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with herpesvirus
herpetic stomatitis
121
white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth
oral leukoplakia
122
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone
periodontal disease
123
open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
peptic ulcer
124
protrusion of an organ through the tissues and muscles normally containing it
hernia
125
solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux disease called GERD
126
malignant tumor of stomach
gastric cancer
127
swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of esophagus
esophageal varices
128
malignant tumor of esophagus
esophageal cancer
129
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax
achalasia
130
abnormal tube like passageway near the anus
anal fistula
131
polyps (benign growth) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon
colonic polyps
132
adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
colorectal cancer
133
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Crohn disease
134
abnormal outpouching in the intestinal wall of colon
diverticulosis
135
painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
dysentery
136
swollen, twisted, varicose vein in the rectal region
hemorrhoids
137
loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
ileus
138
inflammation of the colon and small intestine
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
139
telescoping of the intestines
intussusception
140
group of GI symptoms but without defined abnormalities in the intestines
irritable bowel syndrome IBS
141
chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
ulcerative colitis
142
twisting of the intestine on itself
volvulus
143
gallstones in the gallbladder
cholelithiasis
144
chronic degenerative disease of the liver
cirrhosis
145
liver cancer
hepatocellular
146
malignant tumor of the pancreas
pancreatic cancer
147
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
148
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
viral hepatitis

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