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Entomology 200 > Sensory Organs > Flashcards

Sensory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Sensilla?

A

A small hair like protrusion of the cuticle that allows for sensory perception, can be used for mechano-, chemo- and photo reception

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2
Q

What are the main mechanoreceptors?

A

Trichoid Sensilla, Hair plates, Stretch Receptors and Campaniform Sensilla

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3
Q

What cells make up a Trichoid Sensilla?

A

Trichogen Cell, Tormogen Cell, Sensory Neuron

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4
Q

What’s the function of hairs beds?

A

To detect movement and position of joints

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5
Q

Where are stretch receptors found?

A

Inside the Insects body associated with muscles

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6
Q

What’s the function of the Campaniform Sensilla?

A

Detect the strain and movement of the cuticle

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7
Q

Compared to humans how is insects ability to perceive sound?

A

It is superior with a range from 1-2 Hz up to 100 000 Hz

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Sound Perception in insects of the same species?

A

Courtship and Mating

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9
Q

What is the function of Sound perception in insects of different species?

A

Detection of predators

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10
Q

What two types of sound reception is there?

A

Non-tympanal, and tympanal

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11
Q

How does an insect conduct Non-tympanal Reception?

A

Sensitive elongated trichoid sensilla are able to detect vibrations of the air very close around them and the substrate that they are perched on

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12
Q

What is a chordotonal organ made of?

A

Many scolopidia and the Johnstons organ, able to receive vibration stimuli

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13
Q

What the function of the Johnstons Organ?

A

Within the pedicel of the antennae, senses movement of the antennae relative to the rest of the body

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14
Q

What is a Tympani?

A

Thin cuticular membrane able to receive sound

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15
Q

What Chordotonal Organs are associated with Tympani?

A

Subgenual organ, intermediate organ, crista acustica

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16
Q

What is the main body of a tympanum made of?

A

A trachea, separated into anterior and posterior halves

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17
Q

What are the functions of contact chemoreceptors?

A

Taste, Gustation, detection of aqueous chemicals

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18
Q

What are properties of Contact chemoreceptors?

A

Uniporous and thick walled

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19
Q

What are functions of airborne chemoreceptors?

A

Smell, olfaction, detection of low concentration volatile substances in the air.

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20
Q

Properties of Airborne chemoreceptors

A

Multiporous, thin walled

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21
Q

How do Airborne Chemoreceptors Perceive Chemicals?

A

Chemicals enter through pores, dissolve in fluid, bind to receptors on dendritic membrane

22
Q

What part of the deutocerebrum integrates Antennae signlas?

A

The Macroglomerular Complex

23
Q

What is Optomotor Anemotaxis?

A

Upwind flight, with visual progress tracking

24
Q

What tool can we use to test the effects of semiochemicals?

A

Electroantennograms

25
Q

What can Insects use pheromones for?

A

Kin reception, trail-marking, alarm, aggregation, courtship, etc.

26
Q

What are Ocelli?

A

Simple eyes, made up of a transparent cuticular lens and retina made of retinular cells

27
Q

What are Stemmata?

A

Simple eyes found in larvae of holometabolous insects located laterally, have a cuticular lens overlaying a crystalline lens focusing light onto a rhabdom made of retinula cells

28
Q

What are compound eyes made of?

A

Aggregation of many many ommatidia, with high variety in number of ommatidia

29
Q

What is the structure of the ommatidia?

A

Cuticular lens overlaying crystalline cone, focusing light onto 6-10 retinula cells making an aggregate rhabdom, encased by pigment cells

30
Q

What makes a rhabdom?

A

Rhabdomeres of multiple retimula cells in close proximity, rhabdomeres are made of microvilli filled with visual pigment

31
Q

What is a Fovea?

A

A high resolution area of the compound eyes caused by larger cuticular cone

32
Q

What is an Apis Ommatidia?

A

Retinula cells rotate around one another with an additional ninth retinular cell at the base

33
Q

What is a Lepisma Ommatidia?

A

Stacked Retinular cells contributing to different parts of the rhabdom

34
Q

What is a Spodoptera Ommatidia?

A

Single domminating retinula cell decreases contribution to rhabdom closer to base, at the base an eighth retinula cell takes over major part of rhabdom.

35
Q

What are some adaptations for nocturnal vision?

A

Clear zones, tapetum, reflective mirror surface made by a trachea at the base of the ommatidia

36
Q

What are appositional eyes adapted for?

A

Diurnal vision, high resolution

37
Q

What are superpostion eyes adapted for?

A

Nocturnal vision, low resolution, clear zone

38
Q

What the difference between apposition and superposition eyes?

A

Superposition eyes have reduced pigment cells and clear zones allowing light to shine on all rhabdoms

39
Q

What are Migrating pigment cells?

A

Pigment cells that are able to change their position in the eye to either create or eliminate a clear zone, changing form dark adapted to light adapted vision

40
Q

How do moths navigate while flying?

A

maintain a constant angle realtive to the source of light they sense

41
Q

What type of spectral vision do insects have?

A

Trichomatic vision, UV B G

42
Q

What are nectar guides?

A

Co-evolution with flowers that display themselves in UV light to the insects they wish to use to pollinate

43
Q

Who proved that bees can see colour?

A

Karl von Frisch

44
Q

What types of patterns were bees better at distinguishing?

A

Vertical Patterns

45
Q

What types of horizontal patterns can bees not distinguish?

A

solid shapes

46
Q

What allows insects to distinguish polarity of light?

A

Microvillar organization of ommatidia

47
Q

How do insects use Polarized light perception?

A

Homing behaviour in bees, Orientation in Odonata and Dipteran, Detection of water surface in aquatic insects

48
Q

What is Polarotaxis?

A

Orientation and movement based on polarization of light

49
Q

Which insects use binocular vision best?

A

Mantids

50
Q

Do some insects have extraocular photoperception?

A

Yes

Entomology 200 (13 decks)

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