Predation and Parasitism Flashcards
What percentage of insects are predatory or parasitic?
25%
What is a predator?
An organism that kills and consumes a number of prey animals during its life
What is predation?
The interaction in space and time between predator and prey
Which orders are predators?
Nearly every order has species that are predators
What are parasitoids?
Animals that live at the expense of one other animal host, the host then dies of the interaction
What are parasites?
Animals that live at the expense of another animal host but do not kill the host
What is Parasitism?
Relationship between parasitoid or parasite and the host
What are the two subcategories of parasites and parasitoids?
Ecto living on the outside of and endo living on the inside of
What are the three locating prey strategies used by parasites and predators?
Sit & Wait, Trapping, Active foraging
How do the prey finding strategies rank from most time to least?
Sit & Wait, trapping, active foraging
How do the prey finding strategies rank form most energy to least?
Active foraging, trapping, Sit & Wait
What are the two subcategories of active searching?
Random and Non-Random
What are the three steps to predation/parasitism?
prey/host recognition - Acceptance - manipulation
Is there an optimal prey finding strategy?
No
What are patches?
Discrete areas that are food-resource rich
What are predators that use sit & wait called?
Ambush Predators
What is a good example of trapping behaviour?
Antlion larvae, expends so much energy that they stay in poor nutrients habitat
What is the behaviour of swinging back and forth in random foraging called?
Casting
What happens if a predator encounters a prey while casting?
The predator will increase rate of casting to catch as many prey as possible
What do insects use in directional foraging?
They use cues such as sight, sound, touch, and chemicals
What are stepwise cues?
Certain predators/parasites/parasitoids require a specific series of cues in order to accept the prey/host
What are the chemical cues used in directional foraging?
Kairomones, Synomones, Allomones