External Morphology Flashcards
What are the surfaces of an insect
Dorsum, Venter, Pleuron
How many segments did the hypothesized ancestor have?
20
What is Tagmosis?
The amalgamation of segments into functional units
What tagmata do insects have?
Head, Thorax, Abdomen
Have many segments make up to head?
6
How many segments make up the Thorax?
3
How many segments make up the abdomen?
11
What are the three sclerites of the Thorax?
Notum (dorsal), Pleuron (Lateral), Sternum (Ventral)
What are the sclerites of the abdomen?
Tergum (Dorsal), Pleural Membrane (Lateral), Sternum (Ventral)
What is the integument of the insect?
The epidermis and the cuticle
What are the segments of the cuticle?
The epicuticle and procuticle.
What portion of the cuticle has chitin?
The procuticle
What are the layers of the epicuticle?
Cement layer, Wax layer, Superficial layer, Inner/Outter Epicuticle
What are the parts of the procuticle?
Exocuticle and endocuticle
How is chitin organized in the procuticle?
Forms bundles that form microfibrils set in a protein matrix
What is sclerotization?
Quinones and dehydration of chains causing a hardening of the cuticle.
What is an unsclerotized cuticle called?
arthrodial membrane
Major Features of the Head?
Eyes, Antennae, Mouthparts
What are the main sclerites of the head capsule?
Vertex, Gena, Frons, Clypeus, Labrum
What are sutures?
External visual grooves in the cuticle where sclerites have joined together during development
What are the main structures of the mouthparts?
Labrum, Mandibles, Hypopharynx, Maxillae, Labium
What are the parts of the Maxillae?
Palps, Galea, Lacinia (from lateral to medial)
What are the different parts of the Labium?
(From Posterior to Anterior) Gula, postmentum, mentum, prementum, 4 Lobes (palps and paraglossae)
What are the different mouthparts positions?
Opisthognathous (Behind), Prognathous (Forward), Hypognathous (Under)
What are the different mouthparts?
Biting-Chewing, Suctorial, Piercing-Sucking, Sponging, Piercing-Sponging, Lapping, Sizing-Grasping, Rasping
What structure makes the proboscis in suctorial mouthparts?
Galea of the Maxillae
What makes up the proboscis of piercing-sucking mouthparts?
Sheathed Stylets evolved from Mandibles and Maxillae (Hemiptera), Mandibles Maxillae Labrum Hypopharynx (Mosquitos), Labrum Hypopharynx Labium Maxillary Palps (Higher Flies)
What is a labellar lobe?
Modified Labial palpi used for mopping up blood at the end of the mosquito proboscis
What is a Labellum?
Modified Labium with lobes and pseudotrachea to sponge up liquid
What structures make the “swords” of Piercing-Sponging Mouthparts^
Mandibles, Maxillae, Hypopharynx
What structures make the tongue of the Chewing-lapping mouthparts?
Glossae (Labium)
What insect has characteristic Mandibulosuctorial mouthparts?
Antlion Larvae, salivary canals, sometimes contain poison
What are the three segments of the Thorax?
Prothorax, Mesothorax, Metathorax
What is the name of the meso-meta-thorax?
Pterothorax
What are the anterior and posterior segments of the pleuron called?
episternum (anterior), epimeron (posterior)
What is a Pronotum?
Enlarged Dorsal Sclerite of the Prothorax
What are the segments of the leg?
Coxa, Trochanter, Femur, Tibia, Tarsus, Pretarsus
What are the segments of the tarsus called?
Tarsomeres
What are the different leg adaptations?
Cursorial, Saltatorial, Natatorial, Fossorial and Raptorial
What are the veins of the insect wings?
Costa, sub costa, radius, media, cubitus, anal
What are the veins of the wings made of?
An open space for the hemocoel of the insect to flow and a nerve cord and trachea
What are the important wing cells to know?
Discal cell (Butterflies), Pterostigma (Dark Distal Spot, Dragonfly), Triangle (Dragonfly)
What are the different types of wings?
Membranous, Tegmina, Elytra, Hemelytra, Halteres, Scales
What abdominal segments bear genitalia?
8 and 9
Which abdominal segment can have appendages called Cerci?
11
What is an Appendicular Ovipositor?
Has 2 gonapophysis and a gonastyle forming an external canal for the egg.
What is a Substitutional Ovipositor?
Extensible posterior abdominal segments with a terminal ovipore
What is are the appendicular reproductive appendages made of?
Gonocoxites and gonapophysis
What is an adaegus?
The entire male reproductive organ, claspers + penis
