Nervous and Endocrine System Flashcards
What is a neuron made of?
Dendrite, cell body, axon
What neurons are used for association within the system?
Interneurons
Whats a ganglia?
An aggregation of cell bodies
What makes up the brain?
Fused ganglia of segments 1-3
What’s the name of the fused 4-6 CNS ganglia?
Suboesophageal Ganglion
What are the the ganglia in the Thorax and abdomen called?
Ventral Nerve Cord
Where is the ventral nerve cord?
The Perineural Sinus
How is the ventral nerve cord Organized?
Segmentally, muscles of a segment are controlled by nerves from the same segment ganglion
How far can an interneuron travel?
Across the entire length of the CNS
What is the function of the protocerebrum?
Receives nerve impulses from the compound eyes, contains mushroom bodies
What is the function of mushroom bodies?
Controls learning and complex behaviour, receives interneurons from deutocerebrum (Antennea)
What receives antennae impulses?
Deutocerebrum
What’s the function of the Tritocerebrum?
Receives nerves from the labrum, subesophageal ganglion (mouthparts) and frontal ganglion (Pharynx and swallowing)
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory and Motor Neurons, receives stimuli from the environment through sensory organs
What is the resting potential of a neuron, and what is it called at this resting potential?
-70 mV and Polarized
Where is there low concentration of Potassium?
Outside the axon
What is it called when a neuron fires?
Action Potential, Wave of Depolarization
What voltage does an action potential bring a nerve to?
+30 mV
What Controls Repolarization of the Axon?
Sodium Channels (Closing), Potassium Channels, Outflow of potassium allows the function of the sodium-potassium pump.
Why does an action potential travel backwards?
Because there is a refractory region of the axon that is unable to depolarize again
What Ion helps fusion with synaptic vesicles?
Calcium
What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in insects?
Acetylcholine
What are Axonic Poisons?
Poisons that act on the axon of the nerve causing sodium channels to remain open and spontaneous firing of said neurons without ceasing causing death. highly Fat soluble and can be biomagnified. (DDT)
What are Synaptic Poisons?
Poisons that affect the synaptic activity of neurons
What do Organophosphates and Carbamates do?
Inhibit acetylcholinesterase causing an excess of acetylcholine in the synaptic gap and constant firing of the receiving dendrite.
Where are neurosecretory cells found?
In the CNS
What’s the function of the Corpora Cardiaca?
Storage and release of PTTH prothoracicotropic hormone that helps signal production of ecdysone to being moulting
What do the prothoracic glands secrete?
Production of ecdysone, stimulated by Corpora Cardiaca and PTTH
What is the function of the Corpora Allata?
Production and secretion of Juvenile Hormone (JH)
What are the 3 main types of hormones?
Ecdysteroids, Juvenile Hormone, Neurohormones, Neuropeptides
What’s the function of Ecdysteroids?
Used in the molting process, derived from sterols(cholesterol), ecdysone is an ecdysteroid
What is the function of JH?
Control of metamorphosis, controls reproductive maturity and development, derived from sesquiterpenoids.
What is the function of Neurohormones?
Regulate other functions of the body, homeostasis, metabolism, reproduction, development etc.
