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Entomology 200 > Circulation and Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Circulation and Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hemocoeal?

A

It is the insect body cavity with sinuses

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2
Q

What is the dorsal sinus called?

A

The pericardial Sinus

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3
Q

What is the structure that seperates the pericardial sinus?

A

The dorsal diaphragm

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4
Q

What is the ventral sinus called?

A

The perineural sinus

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5
Q

What separates the perineural sinus?

A

The ventral diaphragm

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6
Q

What allows for single direction circulation in appendages?

A

Septa

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7
Q

What is Hemolymph?

A

The fluid of the hemocoel carries nutrients, waste, hormones, chemical defense

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8
Q

What makes up hemoplymph?

A

Plasma and Hemocytes

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9
Q

What pumps the hemolymph?

A

The dorsal Vessel

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10
Q

What are the 2 sections of the dorsal vessel?

A

Aorta anterior, Heart posterior

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11
Q

What makes up the plasma of the Hemolymph?

A

Ions, Waste, Organic acids, Sugars (trehalose or glycerol-rarely), lipids, amino acids, proteins (Hexamerins, lipophorin)

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12
Q

What are the functions of hemocytes?

A

Phagocytosis, encapsulation of parasites and large foreign material, coagulation, storage and distribution of nutrients

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13
Q

What is the dorsal diaphragm made of?

A

Connective tissue and alary muscles

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14
Q

What are Ostia?

A

Arranged openings into the dorsal vessel with one way valves.

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15
Q

In what direction does hemolymph circulate?

A

postero-venterally, towards the venter and posterior

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16
Q

How does the ventral diaphragm aid circulation?

A

Pushes hemolymph back and to the sides from the venter

17
Q

What are accessory pulsatile organs?

A

Additional pumps throughout the body that help move hemolymph, found at the base of appendages, antennae, legs, cerci and wings

18
Q

What organ allows air to enter the gas exchange system?

A

Spiracles

19
Q

How many spiracles are typical?

A

8, up to 10

20
Q

What triggers the opening of spiracles?

A

Lack of oxygen and a build up of Carbon Dioxide

21
Q

What are the three types of Spiracles?

A

Simple, Atriate, Filter

22
Q

What are trachea?

A

paired invaginations of the epidermis, that aid in the transport of air through the body and shed at molting

23
Q

What are Tracheoles?

A

Fine tubules that branch off of trachea, come into contact with cells to facilitate gas exchange

24
Q

What are the four different Trachea?

A

Visceral, Dorsal, Ventral, and lateral trunk

25
Q

What are the three phases of gas exchange?

A

Closed Spiracular, Flutter, Open spiracular

26
Q

How is gas moved throughout the system?

A

Simple Diffusion and Ventilation

27
Q

What are air sacs?

A

Dilated sections of trachea to serve as oxygen reserves

28
Q

What are Ventilation Movements?

A

Body compression and expansion of trachea with coordinated opening and closing of spiracles

29
Q

What do air sacs do?

A

Assist in flight, serve as an oxygen reservoir, decrease mass, give space for molting, have tympanic structures

30
Q

What is characteristic of a Closed Tracheal System?

A

No spiracles, aquatic insects

31
Q

Challenges of Aquatic insects with gas exchange?

A

Breaking the waters surface, keeping water out of spiracles, current, much lower concentration of oxygen in water

32
Q

Whats a terminal spiracle?

A

Suspended from the water meniscus, water repellent hairs at the tip

33
Q

What are piercing siphons?

A

Terminal spiracle with the capability of piercing the aerenchyma of plants

34
Q

What are Hydrofuge Hairs?

A

Hairs with hydrophobic properties that let siphons get gas without letting water into the spiracles

35
Q

What are Compressible Gills?

A

Air bubble on insects dorsal or ventral side that has relatively the same pressure as the atmosphere, allowing more oxygen to go in

36
Q

What are Plastrons?

A

Made up of dense hydrofuge hairs on the surface of the bugs that trap air in a layer around the spiracles

37
Q

What are Tracheal Gills?

A

Thin Cuticular layer that allows for O2 uptake across the membrane

Entomology 200 (13 decks)

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