Insect Development Flashcards
What are the three different types of development?
Ametabolous, Hemimetabolous, Holometabolous
What type of wing development corresponds to which type of development?
Apterygota = Ametabolous, Exopterygote = Hemimetabolous, Endopterygota = Holometabolous
What orders are ametabolous?
Collembola, Protura, Diplura, Archeognatha and Zygentoma
Which Orders are Hemimetabolous?
Hemiptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Grylloblattodea, Phasmatodea, Plecoptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Mantophasmatodea.
What are the characteristics of ametabolous insects?
Primitively wingless, indeterminate moulting, monomorphic
What are the characteristics of hemimetabolous insects?
Primitively winged, wings develop externally, wings develop from wing buds, have a nymph juvenile stage, determinate moulting, dimorphic life cycle
What are the characteristics of holometabolous insects?
Primitively winged, wings develop internally, wings develop from imaginal discs, have a larval juvenile, determinate moulting, trimorphic life cycle (with pupa)
What are the three layers of an initial egg?
oocyte nucleus, periplasm and yolk
What makes up the egg shell and when is it made?
Egg shell is deposited while in ovary, made up of vitelline envelope and chorion (wax layer, endochorion, exochorion)
What are the three types of holes in the chorion?
Micropyle, Hydropyle, Aeropyle
What is a Micropyle useful for?
Useful for sperm entry into the egg
Whats the purpose of hydropyles?
Used for water uptake across whole egg surface
What the purpose of aeropyles?
gas exchange with the outside world
When does meiosis complete in the egg?
After fertilization for sexual repro, during ovulation or oviposition for parthenogenesis
What happens after the sperm penetrates the egg?
Mieotic divisions complete, haploid oocyte nucleus fuses with sperm nucleus in the interior of the cell
What is embryogenesis?
After fertilization, before eclosion involves uptake of water and oxygen
What are the steps of embryogenesis?
Nucleus divides, and migrate to the periphery of the egg, nuclei form one-cell thick layer around the periphery = blastoderm, Blastoderm goes thorugh regional differentiation forms germ anlage region of columnar cells, Grastrulation envagination of the germ anlage develops into germ band, germ band develops into ventral body (migration is called katatrepsis) Segmentation of the ventral body with appendage formation, Dorsal Closure, Grows over yolk and fuses dorsal and lateral body develop.
What is hatching called?
Eclosion, bugs swallow fluid and air along with muscular contraction to break free
What is moulting?
periodic formation of new cuticle and subsequent shedding of the old cuticle
What is apolysis?
The stage where the epidermis separates from the cuticle of previous stage
What is ecdysis?
The process of casting off the old cuticle at the end of moulting