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PT 10116 - Neuro Exam > Sensory and Reflex Testing > Flashcards

Sensory and Reflex Testing Flashcards

1
Q

first thing to do before sensory testing

A

mental status testing

cerebrum test

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2
Q

superficial

A

light touch
pin prick
deep pressure
temperature

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3
Q

deep

A

tested on distal extremities (hand and foot)

proprioception (position sense)
kinesthesia (movement sense)
vibration

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4
Q

most important sensory test when pt has stroke or brain problem

A

combined cortical

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5
Q

types of combined cortical sensory tests

A

2-point discrimination
stereognosis
graphesthesia
barognosis
tactile localization
double simultaneous stimulation
texture recognition

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6
Q

2-point discrimination

A

start from wide to narrow and ends at the last 2 points where pt can discriminate the 2 points

once pt senses one-point, move the points 1 point wider

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7
Q

if the patient has intact 2-point discrimination and stereognosis, ____ are also ____

A

combined cortical sensations are also normal

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8
Q

2-point discrimination normal values

A

Fingertips: 3-5mm
Dorsum of the hand: 20-30mm
Palms: 8-15mm

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9
Q

Stereognosis

A

identify objects with eyes closed

use familiar objects: coins, tissue, pin

introduce the object first and let them feel it with eyes open

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10
Q

Graphesthesia

A

trace letter/number on pt’s palm (or any body part) and ask them to identify what was written

wipe a tissue on pt’s palm after every letter/number to indicate “restart”

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11
Q

Barognosis

A

distinguish weights

use the same shape and size of objects; objects must only differ in weight

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12
Q

Tactile localization

A

pt’s eyes closed, place a dot on any part of their skin and ask them to point where the dot is placed

measure distance of dot PT inputted from where the pt identified to have felt the sensation

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13
Q

Double Simultaneous Simulation

A

apply two sensations simultaneously on both sides (either proximal/distal) or on one side (either proximal/distal)

ask pt to verbally identify c eyes closed, where they felt the sensation

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14
Q

Extinction phenomenon

A

absence of sensation of the distal extremities in DSS

sensation is perceived on proximal part ONLY during DSS

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15
Q

Superficial Reflex

A

Upper Abdominal Reflex
Lower Abdominal Reflex
Plantar Scratch
Anal Reflex

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16
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex

A

Biceps, Brachialis Reflex
Brachioradialis Reflex
Triceps Reflex
Patellar Reflex
Ankle (Achilles) Reflex

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17
Q

Upper Abdominal Reflex

A

T8-T10

kung saan stimulus, doon papunta umbilicus

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18
Q

Lower Abdominal Reflex

A

T10-T12

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19
Q

Plantar Scratch

A

L2-S1

flexion of toes when you scratch the foot

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20
Q

Anal Reflex

A

S2-S4

visible “winking” of anus

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21
Q

Biceps, Brachialis Reflex

A

C5-C6

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22
Q

Brachioradialis Reflex

A

C5-C6 / C6-C7

23
Q

Triceps Reflex

A

C6-C7 / C7-C8

24
Q

Patellar Reflex

A

L2-L4

25
Q

Ankle (Achilles) Reflex

A

S1

26
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: 0

A

Areflexia (absent reflex)

27
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: +

A

Hyporeflexia (or diminished reflex)

28
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: ++

A

Normoreflexia (normal reflex)

29
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: +++

A

Hyperreflexia (increased reflex)

30
Q

Deep Tendon Reflex Grade: ++++

A

Clonus

31
Q

UMN condition

A

+++ or ++++

32
Q

LMN condition

A

+ or 0

33
Q

should be suppressed at a certain age

A

primitive reflex

34
Q

should exist even when you get old

A

physiologic reflex

35
Q

absence of this indicates a possible impairment

A

physiologic reflex

36
Q

Righting Reflex

A

automatic reactions that enable a person to assume the normal standing position and maintain stability when changing positions

37
Q

Equilibrium Reflex

A

important for balancing

38
Q

Protective Extension Reflex

A

pt’s tendency to extend hand when they are about to fall

39
Q

Pathologic Reflex

A

normal adults: there should be NO response to stimulus that triggers the pathologic reflex

abnormal findings

40
Q

Babinski

A

Stimulus: stroking of lateral aspect of sole of foot; should be firm and brisk

Positive Response: extension of big toes & fanning of four small toes

41
Q

Chaddock

A

Stimulus: stroking of lateral side of foot beneath lateral malleolus; J stroke from below lateral malleolus to the foot

Positive Response: extension of big toes & fanning of four small toes

42
Q

Oppenheim

A

Stimulus: stroking of anteromedial surface of tibia; stroking of shin & direction should be towards the foot

Positive Response: extension of big toes & fanning of four small toes

43
Q

Gordon

A

Stimulus: squeezing of calf muscles (gastrocs) firmly

Positive Response: extension of big toes & fanning of four small toes

CI: DVT

44
Q

Piotrowski

A

Stimulus: percussion/tapping (c 2 fingers) of tib. ant. muscle

Positive Response: DF & supination of foot

45
Q

Brudzinski

A

Stimulus: passive flexion of one lower limb; flex unaffected leg

Positive Response: flexion of opposite lower limb

*sign of UMN

46
Q

Hoffman

A

Stimulus: tapping of index, middle, or ring finger (distal phalanx)

Positive Response: flexion of the distal phalanx of thumb

*sign of LMN

47
Q

Rossolimo

A

Stimulus: tapping of plantar surface of toes

Positive Response: plantarflexion of toes

48
Q

Schaefer

A

Stimulus: pinching (should not be painful) of Achilles tendon in middle third

Positive Response: flexion of foot and toes

*sign of LMN

49
Q

Associated reactions (Brunnstrom)

A

if you do something in one part of the body, then an associate reaction will occur

pt’s c neurologic problems or brain injury

50
Q

Raimiste’s Phenomenon

A

same with Sterling’s stimulus and reaction/response but differs on body part

for LE (hip) ABDUCTION only

resistance of abduction of the unaffected side = associated abduction on the affected side

51
Q

Sterling’s Phenomenon

A

same with Raimiste’s stimulus and reaction/response but differs on body part

for UE (shoulder) ABDUCTION only

resistance of abduction of the unaffected side = associated abduction on the affected side

52
Q

Marie-Foix Phenomenon (a.k.a. Bechterev’s)

A

for LE

passively flexing the toes on the affected side = will elicit massive flexion of the entire LE on ipsilateral side

53
Q

Soque’s Phenomenon

A

for UE

passively flexing the shoulder of the affected side = will elicit extension of the fingers ipsilaterally

can be used for managing flexion synergy

54
Q

Homolateral Synkinesis

A

passively flexing the UE will elicit flexion of the LE (ipsilat)

*if all UE segments are passively flexed, all LE segments on ipsilat. side will also flex

passively extending the UE will elicit extension of the LE (ipsilat)

UE will always be the stimulus; test done on affected side

PT 10116 - Neuro Exam (19 decks)

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