Cognitive Dysfunctions Part 1 Flashcards
what is cognition
process, sort, retrieve and interpret info
executive functions ganun
what is perception
process and interpret sensory information
sensation vs perception
sensation: awareness of stim through organs
perception: process and interpret sensory information
what are the different types of attention
sustained
focused
divided
alternating
discuss sustained attention
focus on one task s getting distracted
listening to lecture for 2 hrs
discuss focused attention
attend to task despite environmental distractions
listening to friend despite noises
discuss divided attention
multitasking or performing both tasks at the same time
discuss alternating attention
doing 2 tasks but not sabay
ability to move flexibly between tasks
what is attention
ability to select stimuli and block others
areas affected in deficits of attention
reticular formation
sensory systems
limbic system
frontal regions
areas affected in deficits of memory
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
limbic
areas affected in deficits of executive function
frontal cortex
prefrontal cortex
cortical areas
subcortical areas
assessment for executive functions
solving puzzles
abstract reasoning
abstract concepts
determine what you need to do and want you want to do
volition
identify and organize steps needed to achieve a certain goal
planning
initiate, to maintain, to switch, and to stop certain complex actions that you’re performing
purposive action
quality control such as the ability to self-monitor and self correct
effective performance
assessment for memory
ALAM M N YN BOI
compare body image and body scheme
body image - visual and mental image of own body\
body scheme - rela of body parts and body to environment
unilateral neglect
inability to register stim and perception from one side
inferior-posterior parietal lobe
BADLs or IADLs
types of unilateral neglect
personal - x acknowledge stim on contra side
peripersonal - x stim on space in arm’s reach
extrapersonal - x stim on space more than arm’s reach
motor - failure to move in respond to stim pero normal MMT and ROM
spatial - x stim on contra side of space
sensory - x awareness contra stim
anosognosia
denial of paretic side
supramarginal gyrus
ask about arm - what happened, how it feels, why cant move
somatoagnosia
aka autopagnosia or body agnosia
lack of awareness of body parts
dominant parietal lobe
name and pt points body parts
R-L discrimination
know body parts but not laterality
parietal lobe
point to body parts c laterality
finger agnosia
inability to identify fingers or inconsistent
angular gyrus of left parietal lobe
name fingers or imitate finger movements
figure-ground discrimination
distinguish figure from background
parieto-occipital lesions of (R) hemisphere
tissue on white paper or tracing overlapping drawings
form discrimination
perceive differences in form and shape
parieto-temporo-occipital region of nondominant lobe
pt will pick up and identify object
spatial relations disorder
perceive the relationship of one object in space to another object or oneself
inferior parietal lobe and parieto-occipital-temporal junction
setting up a table, ask the time
position in space
perceive and to interpret spatial concepts such as up, down, under, over, in, out, in front of and behind
non-dominant parietal lobe
describe relationship of 2 objects, shoe box and shoe
topographical orientation
understanding and remembering the relationship of one location to another
right retrosplenial cortex and bilateral parietal lesions
familiar route
depth and distance perception
inaccurate judgment of direction, distance, and depth
posterior right hemisphere in sup visual association cortices
grasp object and fill glass of water
vertical disorientation
perception of vertical or maintaining vertical position
non-dominant parietal lobe
hand a cane and revert to vertical
agnosia
recognize or make sense of incoming information despite intact sensory
visual agnosia
inability to recognize familiar objects despite normal function
occipito-temporo-parietal association areas
name objects through vision only
types of visual agnosia
simultagnosia - inability to percieve visual stim as a whole; cant describe whole picture
prosopoagnosia - x recognize faces; voice lng
color agnosia - x color recognition; know color but cannot associate
auditory agnosia
inability recognize nonspeech sounds or to discriminate
dominant temporal lobe
close eyes and ident sound
tactile agnosia
aka astereognosis
parieto-temporo-occipital lobe of either hemisphere
close eyes identify object in hand
apraxia
inability to perform purposeful movements which cannot be accounted for by problem with strength, loss of coordination, impaired sensation, attentional deficits, poor comprehension, or uncooperativeness
ideomotor apraxia
can do tasks automatically but not upon command
left dominant hemisphere, frontal lesions and post parietal lesions
command pt to do common tasks
ideational apraxia
cant do purposeful motions either automatic or command
dominant parietal lobe
command pt to do common tasks
buccofacial apraxia
x purposeful movements with the lips, tongue, cheeks, larynx, and pharynx on command
oral apraxia
frontal lobe, central opercular, anterior insula and first temporal gyrus
perform movements of mouth
