Senses

Question 1

a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

Answer 1

Synesthesia

Question 2

receptors found throughout the body, including joints and organs

Answer 2

General Senses

Question 3

specialized receptors found in the head (eyes, ears, mouth)

Answer 3

Special senses

Question 4

feeling that occurs when a brain interprets a sensory nerve impulse

Answer 4

sensation

Question 5

the brain causes a feeling to stem from a source

Answer 5

projection

Question 6

sensory receptors stop sending signals when they are repeatedly stimulated

Answer 6

sensory adaptation

Question 7

dendrites embedded in tissue as receivers; respond to pain and temperature

Answer 7

free nerve endings

Question 8

embedded to connective tissue to increase sensitivity; pressure and touch

Answer 8

encapsulated

Question 9

receptors in the retina of the eye

Answer 9

specialized

Question 10

located near external environment (skin)

Answer 10

exteroceptor

Question 11

interprets stimuli from internal organs

Answer 11

interoceptor

Question 12

located near moving body parts, interprets position

Answer 12

proprioceptor

Question 13

chemicals mostly found in nose/mouth

Answer 13

chemoreceptor

Question 14

responds to solutes in body fluids

Answer 14

osmoreceptor

Question 15

temperature

Answer 15

thermoreceptors

Question 16

pressure, vibration, body position

Answer 16

mechanoreceptor

Question 17

pain (chemicals released when tissue is damaged)

Answer 17

nocireceptor

Question 18

occurs in visceral tissues such as heart, lungs, intestines

Answer 18

visceral pain

Question 19

feels as though it is coming from a different part (heart pain may be felt as pain in arm or shoulder)

Answer 19

referred pain

Question 20

originates from skin, usually stops when stimulus stops (needle prick)

Answer 20

acute pain

Question 21

dull, aching sensation

Answer 21

chronic pain

Question 22

what are the special senses?

Answer 22

Olfactory (smell)
Gustatory (taste)
Hearing & Equilibrium
Sight

Question 23

What is the process of smelling?

Answer 23

Odor > Receptor cell > Olfactory Bulb > Olfactory Tract

Question 24

Why do smells trigger memories?

Answer 24

Limbic System

Question 25

taste buds

Answer 25

papillae

Question 26

What are the taste sensations?

Answer 26

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, savory

Question 27

What does umami mean?

Answer 27

savory

Question 28

outer ear

Answer 28

auricle (pinna)

Question 29

opening to eardrum

Answer 29

Auditory Canal (external auditory meatus)

Question 30

a group of muscles called _____ are responsible for ear movement

Answer 30

auriculares

Question 31

a trait that no longer functions but is part of our evolutionary past

Answer 31

vestigial trait

Question 32

tympanum

Answer 32

eardrum

Question 33

malleus, incus, stapes; transmit vibrations and amplify the signal

Answer 33

auditory ossicles

Question 34

connects the middle ear to the throat- helps maintain air pressure

Answer 34

Auditory tube (Eustachian tube)

Question 35

communicating chambers and tubes

Answer 35

labyrinth

Question 36

sense of equilibrium

Answer 36

semicircular canals

Question 37

sense of hearing

Answer 37

cochlea

Question 38

contains hearing receptors, hair cells detect vibrations

Answer 38

organ of Corti

Question 39

What are the steps in hearing?

Answer 39

1) Sound waves enter the auditory canal 2) Eardrum vibrates 3) Auditory ossicles amplify vibrations 4) Stapes hits oval window and transmits vibrations to cochlea 5) Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations 6) Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve 7) Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses 8) Round windows dissipates vibrations within the cochlea

Question 40

maintain stability and posture

Answer 40

static equilibrium

Question 41

balance during sudden movement

Answer 41

dynamic equilibrium

Question 42

interprets impulses from the semicircular canals and maintains overall balance

Answer 42

cerebellum

Question 43

disease that has more than one feature or symptom

Answer 43

syndrome

Question 44

a specific mutation results in hearing loss; can be recessive or dominant

Answer 44

non-syndromic

Question 45

age-related hearing loss

Answer 45

presbycusis

Question 46

clear lens in front of eye; allows for the passage of light into the eye and functions as a fixed lens

Answer 46

cornea

Question 47

black hole in iris; where light enters; size is controlled by iris muscles; when the eye needs more light, it gets larger; when the eyes need less light it gets smaller

Answer 47

pupil

Question 48

colored part of the eye; controls light entering; is a colored, circular muscle

Answer 48

iris

Question 49

a tough, white skin (made of tissue) that covers all of the eyeball except the cornea; supports the eyeball; provides attachment for muscles

Answer 49

sclera

Question 50

behind the pupil; converging lens; allows us to see objects near and far

Answer 50

lens

Question 51

internal membrane; contains light-receptor cells (rods & cones); converts light into electrical signals

Answer 51

retina

Question 52

transmits electrical impulses from retina to brain; creates blind spot; brain takes inverted images and flips it so we can see

Answer 52

optic nerve

Question 53

clean, colorless fluid; fills the space between the lens and the retina of your eye; provides protection; helps give the eye its shape (99% of it consists of water and the rest is a mixture of collagen, proteins, salts, and sugars)

Answer 53

vitreous humor

Question 54

The _____, the front surface of the eye, does most of the focusing in your eye

Answer 54

cornea

Question 55

the _____ provides adjustable fine-tuning of the focus

Answer 55

lens

Question 56

Step in Seeing

Answer 56

1) Light enters the eye through the cornea 2) From the cornea, the light passes through the pupil 3) From there, it then hits the lens 4) Next, light passes through the vitreous humor 5) Finally, the light reaches the retina 6) The optic nerve is then responsible for carrying the signals to the visual cortex of the brain

Question 57

far-sightedness; problem seeing close objects; distance between lens and retina is too small; light focused behind the retina; corrected with converging lenses

Answer 57

Hyperopia

Question 58

form of far-sightedness; harder for people to read as they age; lens loses elasticity; corrected by glasses with converging lenses

Answer 58

Presbyopia

Question 59

near-sightedness; problem seeing objects far away; distance between lens and retina is too large; light focused in front of the retina; correct with diverging lenses

Answer 59

Myopia

Question 60

disease in which the eys cannot focus an object's image on a single point on the retina; the cornea is oval instead of spherical; causes blurred vision; some types can be corrected with glasses

Answer 60

Astigmatism

Question 61

a disease of the eye: a group of diseases; affects the optic nerve-pressure; loss of ganglion cells; gradual loss of sight and eventual blindness; check eyes regularly; can be treated

Answer 61

Glaucoma

Question 62

a disease of the eye; clouding forms in the lens dull to denaturing of lens protein; obstructs the passage of light; caused by age, chronic exposure to UV, or due to trauma; removed by surgery

Answer 62

Cataracts

Question 63

type of Vision Correction; artificial lens placed over cornea; same as glasses; corrects for both near and far-sightedness; also used for cosmetic purposes (eye color, Hollywood)

Answer 63

Contact lenses

Question 64

What defect in the ear causes hearing loss?

Answer 64

hair cells around the cochlea are damaged

Question 65

damaged hairs in cochlea; or turbulence in ceratoid artery or jugular vein

Answer 65

tinnitus