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Anatomy > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

1
Q

a perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway

A

Synesthesia

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2
Q

receptors found throughout the body, including joints and organs

A

General Senses

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3
Q

specialized receptors found in the head (eyes, ears, mouth)

A

Special senses

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4
Q

feeling that occurs when a brain interprets a sensory nerve impulse

A

sensation

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5
Q

the brain causes a feeling to stem from a source

A

projection

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6
Q

sensory receptors stop sending signals when they are repeatedly stimulated

A

sensory adaptation

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7
Q

dendrites embedded in tissue as receivers; respond to pain and temperature

A

free nerve endings

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8
Q

embedded to connective tissue to increase sensitivity; pressure and touch

A

encapsulated

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9
Q

receptors in the retina of the eye

A

specialized

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10
Q

located near external environment (skin)

A

exteroceptor

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11
Q

interprets stimuli from internal organs

A

interoceptor

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12
Q

located near moving body parts, interprets position

A

proprioceptor

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13
Q

chemicals mostly found in nose/mouth

A

chemoreceptor

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14
Q

responds to solutes in body fluids

A

osmoreceptor

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15
Q

temperature

A

thermoreceptors

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16
Q

pressure, vibration, body position

A

mechanoreceptor

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17
Q

pain (chemicals released when tissue is damaged)

A

nocireceptor

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18
Q

occurs in visceral tissues such as heart, lungs, intestines

A

visceral pain

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19
Q

feels as though it is coming from a different part (heart pain may be felt as pain in arm or shoulder)

A

referred pain

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20
Q

originates from skin, usually stops when stimulus stops (needle prick)

A

acute pain

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21
Q

dull, aching sensation

A

chronic pain

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22
Q

what are the special senses?

A

Olfactory (smell)
Gustatory (taste)
Hearing & Equilibrium
Sight

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23
Q

What is the process of smelling?

A

Odor > Receptor cell > Olfactory Bulb > Olfactory Tract

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24
Q

Why do smells trigger memories?

A

Limbic System

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25
Q

taste buds

A

papillae

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26
Q

What are the taste sensations?

A

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, savory

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27
Q

What does umami mean?

A

savory

28
Q

outer ear

A

auricle (pinna)

29
Q

opening to eardrum

A

Auditory Canal (external auditory meatus)

30
Q

a group of muscles called _____ are responsible for ear movement

A

auriculares

31
Q

a trait that no longer functions but is part of our evolutionary past

A

vestigial trait

32
Q

tympanum

A

eardrum

33
Q

malleus, incus, stapes; transmit vibrations and amplify the signal

A

auditory ossicles

34
Q

connects the middle ear to the throat- helps maintain air pressure

A

Auditory tube (Eustachian tube)

35
Q

communicating chambers and tubes

A

labyrinth

36
Q

sense of equilibrium

A

semicircular canals

37
Q

sense of hearing

A

cochlea

38
Q

contains hearing receptors, hair cells detect vibrations

A

organ of Corti

39
Q

What are the steps in hearing?

A

1) Sound waves enter the auditory canal
2) Eardrum vibrates
3) Auditory ossicles amplify vibrations
4) Stapes hits oval window and transmits vibrations to cochlea
5) Organs of corti contain receptor cells (hair cells) that deform from vibrations
6) Impulses sent to the vestibulocochlear nerve
7) Auditory cortex of the temporal lobe interprets sensory impulses
8) Round windows dissipates vibrations within the cochlea

40
Q

maintain stability and posture

A

static equilibrium

41
Q

balance during sudden movement

A

dynamic equilibrium

42
Q

interprets impulses from the semicircular canals and maintains overall balance

A

cerebellum

43
Q

disease that has more than one feature or symptom

A

syndrome

44
Q

a specific mutation results in hearing loss; can be recessive or dominant

A

non-syndromic

45
Q

age-related hearing loss

A

presbycusis

46
Q

clear lens in front of eye; allows for the passage of light into the eye and functions as a fixed lens

A

cornea

47
Q

black hole in iris; where light enters; size is controlled by iris muscles; when the eye needs more light, it gets larger; when the eyes need less light it gets smaller

A

pupil

48
Q

colored part of the eye; controls light entering; is a colored, circular muscle

A

iris

49
Q

a tough, white skin (made of tissue) that covers all of the eyeball except the cornea; supports the eyeball; provides attachment for muscles

A

sclera

50
Q

behind the pupil; converging lens; allows us to see objects near and far

A

lens

51
Q

internal membrane; contains light-receptor cells (rods & cones); converts light into electrical signals

A

retina

52
Q

transmits electrical impulses from retina to brain; creates blind spot; brain takes inverted images and flips it so we can see

A

optic nerve

53
Q

clean, colorless fluid; fills the space between the lens and the retina of your eye; provides protection; helps give the eye its shape (99% of it consists of water and the rest is a mixture of collagen, proteins, salts, and sugars)

A

vitreous humor

54
Q

The _____, the front surface of the eye, does most of the focusing in your eye

A

cornea

55
Q

the _____ provides adjustable fine-tuning of the focus

A

lens

56
Q

Step in Seeing

A

1) Light enters the eye through the cornea
2) From the cornea, the light passes through the pupil
3) From there, it then hits the lens
4) Next, light passes through the vitreous humor
5) Finally, the light reaches the retina
6) The optic nerve is then responsible for carrying the signals to the visual cortex of the brain

57
Q

far-sightedness; problem seeing close objects; distance between lens and retina is too small; light focused behind the retina; corrected with converging lenses

A

Hyperopia

58
Q

form of far-sightedness; harder for people to read as they age; lens loses elasticity; corrected by glasses with converging lenses

A

Presbyopia

59
Q

near-sightedness; problem seeing objects far away; distance between lens and retina is too large; light focused in front of the retina; correct with diverging lenses

A

Myopia

60
Q

disease in which the eys cannot focus an object’s image on a single point on the retina; the cornea is oval instead of spherical; causes blurred vision; some types can be corrected with glasses

A

Astigmatism

61
Q

a disease of the eye: a group of diseases; affects the optic nerve-pressure; loss of ganglion cells; gradual loss of sight and eventual blindness; check eyes regularly; can be treated

A

Glaucoma

62
Q

a disease of the eye; clouding forms in the lens dull to denaturing of lens protein; obstructs the passage of light; caused by age, chronic exposure to UV, or due to trauma; removed by surgery

A

Cataracts

63
Q

type of Vision Correction; artificial lens placed over cornea; same as glasses; corrects for both near and far-sightedness; also used for cosmetic purposes (eye color, Hollywood)

A

Contact lenses

64
Q

What defect in the ear causes hearing loss?

A

hair cells around the cochlea are damaged

65
Q

damaged hairs in cochlea; or turbulence in ceratoid artery or jugular vein

A

tinnitus

Anatomy (18 decks)

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