Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Circulatory System- Health Occ > Flashcards

Circulatory System- Health Occ Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 functions of the Cardiovascular System (CV)

A

1) carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body
2) removes wastes and carbon dioxide from the cells of the body
3) Regulates body temperature
4) Produces WBCs, which help fight infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the CV system?

A

heart, blood vessels, blood and blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a muscle which contracts and relaxes regularly to pump blood throughout the body

A

the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the average adult heart beats approx. ____, or at an average of _______

A

72 bpm, 60-100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How long does it take for a cardiac cycle to occur?

A

0.8 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bottom tip of the heart

A

apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

1) pericardium
2) myocardium
3) endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

double-layered sac-like outer layer of the heart

A

pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thick, muscular middle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

smooth membrane lining the inside of the heart

A

endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

muscular wall separating the heart into the right and left side; prevents blood from flowing between the two sides of the heart

A

septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the upper part of the septum called?

A

interatrial septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the lower part of the septum called?

A

interventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The two upper chambers of the heart, R atrium and L atrium, are used for what?

A

receive blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The two lower chambers of the heart, R ventricle and L ventricle, are used for what?

A

pump out blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This chamber receives blood from all body tissues; blood comes into this chamber by way of the Superior and Inferior Vena Cavas

A

Right Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of blood is in the (R) atrium?

A

oxygen-poor blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

this chamber receives blood from the lungs; blood comes into this chamber by way of the two pulmonary veins

A

Left Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of blood is in the (L) Atrium?

A

oxygen-rich blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

this chamber pumps blood out of the lungs; blood is pumped to the lungs by way of the pulmonary artery-one branch to each lung

A

Right Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of blood is in the (R) ventricle?

A

oxygen-poor blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

this chamber pumps blood out to body tissues; blood pumped to tissues by way of the Aorta

A

Left Ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of blood is in the (L) ventricle?

A

oxygen-rich blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the two phases of heart action?

A

systole and diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

this is the “working phase” of heart action; the heart contracts during this phase

A

systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

this is the “resting phase” of heart action; the heart chambers fill with blood during this phase

A

diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

keep the blood flowing in one direction

A

heart valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A 3-flap valve found between the (R) atrium and the (R) ventricle; closes when the (R) ventricle contracts; keeps blood from flowing from (R) ventricle back into (R) atrium

A

Tricuspid Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A 2-flap valve found between the (L) atrium and the (L) ventricle; closes when the (L) ventricle is contracting; prevents blood from flowing backwards from (L) ventricle to (L) atrium

A

Bicuspid Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is another name for the bicuspid valve

A

mitral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

located between (L) ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from aorta back into (L) ventricle

A

Aortic Semilunar Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

located between the (R) ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from pulmonary artery back into (R) ventricle

A

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

small tendinous cords that connect the edges of the valves of the heart muscle to open and close the valves

A

Chordae Tendinae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart (Oxygen-poor Blood)

A
  • Cells in the body
  • Veins
  • Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
  • (R) Atrium
  • Tricuspid Valve
  • (R) Ventricle
  • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
  • Pulmonary Artery
36
Q

Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart (Oxygen-rich Blood)

A
  • Lungs (blood becomes oxygenated)
  • Pulmonary Veins
  • (L) Atrium
  • Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
  • (L) Ventricle
  • Aortic Semilunar Valve
  • Aorta
  • Arteries
  • Cells of the body
37
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Aorta

38
Q

group of arteries which come directly off of the aorta; these supply blood and oxygen to the myocardium

A

coronary arteries

39
Q

why are they called “coronary” arteries?

A

because they surround the heart like a crown

40
Q

a thick fluid which varies in color from bright scarlet to dark red, depending on the amount of oxygen it is carrying

A

blood

41
Q

what type of blood is bright red blood?

A

oxygen-rich blood

42
Q

what type of blood is dark red blood?

A

oxygen-poor

43
Q

blood is classified as a_____ tissue, but differs from other tissues of this kind because cells are not in a fixed position

A

connective

44
Q

The average adult male has about how much blood circulating in the body

A

6 quarts/liters

45
Q

What is the purpose of blood?

A

transportation and protection

46
Q

What does blood transport?

A
  • oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • food and nutrients
  • waste products, such as excess water, minerals, urea, bile pigment, and drugs
  • hormone secretions
47
Q

How does blood provide protection?

A

blood carries WBCs

48
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

plasma and corpuscles

49
Q

The liquid portion of blood; consists of 90% water and 10% wastes

A

plasma

50
Q

These are the formed elements of blood; they are blood cells classified into three groups

A

corpuscles

51
Q

What are the three groups that corpuscles are classified in to?

A

1) Erythrocytes
2) Leukocytes
3) Thrombocytes

52
Q

another name for RBC; produced in the red bone marrow; tiny disc-shaped bodies with the middle or central area thinner than the edges (concave)

A

Erythrocytes

53
Q

T or F: Mature form of RBCs have no nucleus

A

true

54
Q

Erythrocytes are the most numerous of all corpuscles, numbering _______ per cubic millimeter of blood

A

4.5-5 million

55
Q

How long to Erythrocytes live?

A

3-4 months (120 days)

56
Q

What are Erythrocytes responsible for?

A

carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues by way of Hemoglobin (Hgb)

57
Q

What is Hgb composed of?

A

protein and iron

58
Q

How does blood get its red color?

A

Hgb combines with oxygen

59
Q

T or F: The more O2 that is carried, the brighter red the blood

A

true

60
Q

also called white blood cells; formed in bone marrow and lymph tissue; shaped like balls; colorless; contain nuclei of varying shapes and sizes

A

leukocytes

61
Q

Leukocytes are outnumbered by RBCs _____

A

700 : 1

62
Q

There are leukocytes in ______ per cubic mm of blood

A

5,000-10,000

63
Q

How long do leukocytes live?

A

about 3-9 days

64
Q

T or F: Leukocytes can pass through the capillary walls and enter body tissue

A

true

65
Q

What is the primary function of leukocytes?

A

fight infection

66
Q

the process by which the WBCs engulf, ingest, and destroy pathogens

A

phagocytosis

67
Q

What are the 5 types of Leukocytes?

A

1) Neutrophils
2) Eosinophils
3) Basophils
4) Monocytes
5) Lymphocytes

68
Q

also called platelets; usually described as fragments or pieces of cells; vary in shape and size

A

Thrombocytes

69
Q

Where are thrombocytes formed?

A

bone marrow

70
Q

How long to thrombocytes live?

A

5-9 days

71
Q

How many thrombocytes does a person have per cubic millimeter of blood?

A

250,000 to 400,000

72
Q

What are thrombocytes?

A

responsible for blood clotting called-coagulation

73
Q

blood is carried throughout the body be a closed system of blood vessels

A

blood vessels

74
Q

What are the three coats of blood vessel wall?

A

1) Tunica intima (inside)
2) Tunica media (middle)
3) Tunica externa (outside)

75
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

A

1) arteries
2) veins
3) capillaries

76
Q

Carry blood AWAY from the heart; more muscular and elastic than other blood vessels; carry oxygen-rich blood

A

arteries

77
Q

The only exception is the ________, which carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs, but the blood is still going away from the heart

A

pulmonary artery

78
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

aorta

79
Q

What are the smallest branches of arteries called?

A

arterioles

80
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood TO the heart; thinner than arteries and have less muscle tissue; most contain valves that keep blood from flowing backward; carry oxygen-poor blood

A

veins

81
Q

What are the smallest branches of veins called?

A

venules

82
Q

The only exception is the ________, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart, but the blood is still flowing to the heart

A

pulmonary vein

83
Q

What are the two largest veins?

A

1) Superior Vena Cava

2) Inferior Vena Cava

84
Q

_______ ___ ____ carries blood from the upper body to the (R) atrium

A

Superior Vena Cava

85
Q

_____ _____ ____ carries blood from the lower body to the (R) atrium

A

Inferior Vena Cava

86
Q

Connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins (arterioles to venules); walls are only one-cell thickness; at the same time, carbon dioxide and other waste products pass from cells into the these to be disposed of

A

capillaries

Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions