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Circulatory System- Health Occ Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 functions of the Cardiovascular System (CV)

A

1) carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body
2) removes wastes and carbon dioxide from the cells of the body
3) Regulates body temperature
4) Produces WBCs, which help fight infection

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2
Q

What are the components of the CV system?

A

heart, blood vessels, blood and blood cells

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3
Q

a muscle which contracts and relaxes regularly to pump blood throughout the body

A

the heart

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4
Q

the average adult heart beats approx. ____, or at an average of _______

A

72 bpm, 60-100 bpm

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5
Q

How long does it take for a cardiac cycle to occur?

A

0.8 seconds

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6
Q

bottom tip of the heart

A

apex

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7
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

1) pericardium
2) myocardium
3) endocardium

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8
Q

double-layered sac-like outer layer of the heart

A

pericardium

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9
Q

thick, muscular middle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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10
Q

smooth membrane lining the inside of the heart

A

endocardium

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11
Q

muscular wall separating the heart into the right and left side; prevents blood from flowing between the two sides of the heart

A

septum

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12
Q

What is the upper part of the septum called?

A

interatrial septum

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13
Q

What is the lower part of the septum called?

A

interventricular

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14
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

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15
Q

The two upper chambers of the heart, R atrium and L atrium, are used for what?

A

receive blood

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16
Q

The two lower chambers of the heart, R ventricle and L ventricle, are used for what?

A

pump out blood

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17
Q

This chamber receives blood from all body tissues; blood comes into this chamber by way of the Superior and Inferior Vena Cavas

A

Right Atrium

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18
Q

What type of blood is in the (R) atrium?

A

oxygen-poor blood

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19
Q

this chamber receives blood from the lungs; blood comes into this chamber by way of the two pulmonary veins

A

Left Atrium

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20
Q

What type of blood is in the (L) Atrium?

A

oxygen-rich blood

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21
Q

this chamber pumps blood out of the lungs; blood is pumped to the lungs by way of the pulmonary artery-one branch to each lung

A

Right Ventricle

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22
Q

What type of blood is in the (R) ventricle?

A

oxygen-poor blood

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23
Q

this chamber pumps blood out to body tissues; blood pumped to tissues by way of the Aorta

A

Left Ventricle

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24
Q

What type of blood is in the (L) ventricle?

A

oxygen-rich blood

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25
What are the two phases of heart action?
systole and diastole
26
this is the "working phase" of heart action; the heart contracts during this phase
systole
27
this is the "resting phase" of heart action; the heart chambers fill with blood during this phase
diastole
28
keep the blood flowing in one direction
heart valves
29
A 3-flap valve found between the (R) atrium and the (R) ventricle; closes when the (R) ventricle contracts; keeps blood from flowing from (R) ventricle back into (R) atrium
Tricuspid Valve
30
A 2-flap valve found between the (L) atrium and the (L) ventricle; closes when the (L) ventricle is contracting; prevents blood from flowing backwards from (L) ventricle to (L) atrium
Bicuspid Valve
31
What is another name for the bicuspid valve
mitral
32
located between (L) ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from aorta back into (L) ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve
33
located between the (R) ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from pulmonary artery back into (R) ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
34
small tendinous cords that connect the edges of the valves of the heart muscle to open and close the valves
Chordae Tendinae
35
Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart (Oxygen-poor Blood)
- Cells in the body - Veins - Superior/Inferior Vena Cava - (R) Atrium - Tricuspid Valve - (R) Ventricle - Pulmonary Semilunar Valve - Pulmonary Artery
36
Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart (Oxygen-rich Blood)
- Lungs (blood becomes oxygenated) - Pulmonary Veins - (L) Atrium - Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve - (L) Ventricle - Aortic Semilunar Valve - Aorta - Arteries - Cells of the body
37
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
38
group of arteries which come directly off of the aorta; these supply blood and oxygen to the myocardium
coronary arteries
39
why are they called "coronary" arteries?
because they surround the heart like a crown
40
a thick fluid which varies in color from bright scarlet to dark red, depending on the amount of oxygen it is carrying
blood
41
what type of blood is bright red blood?
oxygen-rich blood
42
what type of blood is dark red blood?
oxygen-poor
43
blood is classified as a_____ tissue, but differs from other tissues of this kind because cells are not in a fixed position
connective
44
The average adult male has about how much blood circulating in the body
6 quarts/liters
45
What is the purpose of blood?
transportation and protection
46
What does blood transport?
- oxygen and carbon dioxide - food and nutrients - waste products, such as excess water, minerals, urea, bile pigment, and drugs - hormone secretions
47
How does blood provide protection?
blood carries WBCs
48
What are the components of blood?
plasma and corpuscles
49
The liquid portion of blood; consists of 90% water and 10% wastes
plasma
50
These are the formed elements of blood; they are blood cells classified into three groups
corpuscles
51
What are the three groups that corpuscles are classified in to?
1) Erythrocytes 2) Leukocytes 3) Thrombocytes
52
another name for RBC; produced in the red bone marrow; tiny disc-shaped bodies with the middle or central area thinner than the edges (concave)
Erythrocytes
53
T or F: Mature form of RBCs have no nucleus
true
54
Erythrocytes are the most numerous of all corpuscles, numbering _______ per cubic millimeter of blood
4.5-5 million
55
How long to Erythrocytes live?
3-4 months (120 days)
56
What are Erythrocytes responsible for?
carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues by way of Hemoglobin (Hgb)
57
What is Hgb composed of?
protein and iron
58
How does blood get its red color?
Hgb combines with oxygen
59
T or F: The more O2 that is carried, the brighter red the blood
true
60
also called white blood cells; formed in bone marrow and lymph tissue; shaped like balls; colorless; contain nuclei of varying shapes and sizes
leukocytes
61
Leukocytes are outnumbered by RBCs _____
700 : 1
62
There are leukocytes in ______ per cubic mm of blood
5,000-10,000
63
How long do leukocytes live?
about 3-9 days
64
T or F: Leukocytes can pass through the capillary walls and enter body tissue
true
65
What is the primary function of leukocytes?
fight infection
66
the process by which the WBCs engulf, ingest, and destroy pathogens
phagocytosis
67
What are the 5 types of Leukocytes?
1) Neutrophils 2) Eosinophils 3) Basophils 4) Monocytes 5) Lymphocytes
68
also called platelets; usually described as fragments or pieces of cells; vary in shape and size
Thrombocytes
69
Where are thrombocytes formed?
bone marrow
70
How long to thrombocytes live?
5-9 days
71
How many thrombocytes does a person have per cubic millimeter of blood?
250,000 to 400,000
72
What are thrombocytes?
responsible for blood clotting called-coagulation
73
blood is carried throughout the body be a closed system of blood vessels
blood vessels
74
What are the three coats of blood vessel wall?
1) Tunica intima (inside) 2) Tunica media (middle) 3) Tunica externa (outside)
75
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
1) arteries 2) veins 3) capillaries
76
Carry blood AWAY from the heart; more muscular and elastic than other blood vessels; carry oxygen-rich blood
arteries
77
The only exception is the ________, which carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs, but the blood is still going away from the heart
pulmonary artery
78
What is the largest artery in the body?
aorta
79
What are the smallest branches of arteries called?
arterioles
80
Blood vessels that carry blood TO the heart; thinner than arteries and have less muscle tissue; most contain valves that keep blood from flowing backward; carry oxygen-poor blood
veins
81
What are the smallest branches of veins called?
venules
82
The only exception is the ________, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart, but the blood is still flowing to the heart
pulmonary vein
83
What are the two largest veins?
1) Superior Vena Cava | 2) Inferior Vena Cava
84
_______ ___ ____ carries blood from the upper body to the (R) atrium
Superior Vena Cava
85
_____ _____ ____ carries blood from the lower body to the (R) atrium
Inferior Vena Cava
86
Connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins (arterioles to venules); walls are only one-cell thickness; at the same time, carbon dioxide and other waste products pass from cells into the these to be disposed of
capillaries

Anatomy (18 decks)

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