Senses

Question 1

Two kinds of adaption to constant stimuli

Answer 1

Peripheral adaptation
* Happens quickly in temperature receptors
* Works slowly in pain receptors

Central adaptation
* Inhibition of nuclei
* Ex: turning off smell

Question 2

Somatic sensory receptors

Answer 2

Are found in skin, mucous
membranes lining body cavities, joints, muscles, and tendons.

Monitor a variety of stimuli including texture, pressure,
temperature, pain, vibration, and stretch.

Question 3

Visceral sensory receptors

Answer 3

Are in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels.

Detect stretch, changes in chemical concentrations, temperature, and pain.

Question 4

Exteroceptors (Stimulus origin)

Answer 4

• Respond to stimuli from outside the body
• Most special sense organs
• Receptors in skin

– Touch
– Pressure
– Pain
– Temperature

Question 5

Interoceptors (stimulus origin)

Answer 5

Respond to stimuli arising in internal viscera and blood vessels

• Sensitive to:
  – Temperature changes
  – Chemical changes
  – Tissue stretch

Question 6

Proprioceptors (stimulus origin)

Answer 6

Provide the central nervous system with information about body position, movement, and spatial orientation.

Respond to stretch in:
– Skeletal muscles
– Tendons
– Joints
– Ligaments
– Connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles

Question 7

Thermoreceptors

Answer 7

sensitive to changes in temperature

Question 8

Photoreceptors

Answer 8

respond to light energy (e.g., retina)

Question 9

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 9

respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch

Question 10

Chemoreceptors

Answer 10

respond to chemicals (e.g., smell, taste, changes in blood
chemistry)

Question 11

Nociceptors

Answer 11

sensitive to pain-causing stimuli (e.g. extreme heat or cold, excessive pressure, inflammatory chemicals)

Question 12

What are the special senses?

Answer 12

• Smell
• Taste
• Vision
• Hearing
• Equilibrium

Question 13

Olfaction

Answer 13

-Sensory portion is found in olfactory
epithelium
-Pseudostratified epithelial tissue
-On roof of nasal cavity
-Receptor cells are bipolar neurons
– Olfactory hairs
* Cilia at end of cell
* Non-motile

Question 14

Olfactory Pathway

Answer 14

Impulse travels along olfactory nerve

Receptor cells synapse with mitral cells in olfactory bulb

– Mitral cells to thalamus or hypothalamus via olfactory tract
– Thalamus interprets smell
– Hypothalamus gives emotional aspect