Articulations Flashcards
Articulation
Site where two or more bones meet
Functions of joints
-Give skeleton mobility
-Hold skeleton together
What are the three structural classifications?
- Fibrous joints: Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue. There is no joint cavity, and most are synarthrotic (immovable).
- Cartilaginous joints: Joint occurs where the bones are joined by cartilage.
- Synovial joints: Joint has a fluid filled synovial cavity that separates the cartilage-covered articulating surfaces of the joints. All are diarthrotic.
What are the three function classifications?
- Synarthroses—immovable joints
- Amphiarthroses—slightly movable joints
- Diarthroses—freely movable joints
Fibrous joints
Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue. Most synarthrotic (immovable).
- Three types:
a. Gomphoses- periodontal ligaments hold tooth to bony jaw.
b. Sutures- dense regular connective tissue connects skull bones. (Ex: lamboid suture connects occipital and parietal bones). Contain short connective tissue fibers. Called synostoses.
c. Syndesmoses- dense regular connective tissue fibers between bones. (Ex: between radius and ulna) Bones are connected by ligaments/interosseus membranes between bones. Amphiarthrotic.
Cartilaginous Joints
Bones united by cartilage. No joint cavity. Not highly moveable.
a) Synchondrosis- Bar/plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones. Temporary epiphyseal plate joints, the cartilage of 1st rib with manubrium, all are synarthrotic. (Ex: epiphyseal plate, joint between first rib and sternum).
b) Symphyses- Fibrocartilage unites bone. Hyaline cartilage present as articular cartilage. Strong, flexible amphiarthroses. (Ex: pubic synthesis, body of vertebra)
Synovial joints
Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity
All are diarthrotic
Include:
– All limb joints
– Most joints of body
An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a
synchondrosis
Fibrocartilage of a ______ resists compression and acts as a shock absorber.
symphysis
Glenohumeral
Knee joint
Elbow
Temporomandibular
These are all _____________.
synovial joints
The bones in a synovial joint are separated by a space called a(n) __________.
joint cavity
Which joints have a broad ligament sheet called an interosseous membrane?
Syndesmoses
What is synovial fluid?
It is a viscous, slippery filtrate of plasma and hyaluronic acid It lubricates and nourishes articular
cartilage, and it contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and debris.
Describe the articular capsule.
Articular capsule
– Fibrous layer
* Dense irregular connective tissue
– Synovial membrane
* Loose connective tissue
* Makes synovial fluid
What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint?
Synovial, pivot
