SENSES

Question 1

Sensory modality

Answer 1

-each unique type of sensation
-form of stimulus
-chemicals, temperature, light
Location:
-location of stimulus and receptor

Question 2

General senses

Answer 2

-Somatic senses
-Visceral senses

Question 3

Somatic senses

Answer 3

-conscious
-tactile: touch, pressure, vibration itch and tickle
-thermal sensations
-pain
-proprioception: awareness of limb and joint position in space

Question 4

Visceral senses

Answer 4

-unconscious
-conditions within internal organs

Question 5

Special senses

Answer 5

-smell
-taste
-vision
-hearing
-equilibrium and balance

Question 6

Categorized by location (sensory receptors)

Answer 6

-Exteroceptors
-Interceptors
-Proprioceptors

Question 7

Exteroceptors

Answer 7

-near the external surface of the body
-respond to external stimulus

Question 8

Interceptors

Answer 8

-in blood vessels, organs and muscles
-not consciously perceived

Question 9

Proprioceptors

Answer 9

-in muscles, tendons and joints, and the inner ear
-information about body position and movement of joints

Question 10

Categorized by mode of activation (sensory receptors)

Answer 10

-Mechanoreceptors
-Baroreceptors
-Thermoreceptors
-Nociceptors
-Photoreceptors
-Chemoreceptors

Question 11

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 11

-deformation

Question 12

Baroreceptors

Answer 12

-detect stretch/pressure

Question 13

Thermoreceptors

Answer 13

-temperature

Question 14

Nociceptors

Answer 14

-painful stimuli
-chemoreceptive free nerve endings activated by tissue damage from intense thermal, mechanical or chemical stimuli

Question 15

Photoreceptors

Answer 15

-photons of light

Question 16

Chemoreceptors

Answer 16

-chemicals in the mouth (taste), nose (smell) and body fluids

Question 17

Slow pain

Answer 17

-gradually increase in intensity over a period of seconds to minutes
-conducted along unmyelinated axons
-often has a burning, aching or throbbing quality

Question 18

Fast pain

Answer 18

-occurs rapidly
-acute well localized
-perception occurs rapidly
-nerve impulses propagate along myelinated axons

Question 19

Superficial somatic pain

Answer 19

-stimulations of receptors in the skin

Question 20

Deep somatic pain

Answer 20

-stimulations of receptors in the skeletal muscle, joints, tendons and fascia

Question 21

Visceral – referred pain

Answer 21

-stimulations of receptors in visceral organs
-pain is felt on or just deep to the skin that overlies stimulated organ or in a surface area far from the stimulated organ (referred pain)

Question 22

Referred pain

Answer 22

-feel visceral pain in another area then where pain originated
-sensory nerve signals from certain viscera are perceived as originating not from the organ but instead from the skin and skeletal muscle

Question 23

Free nerve endings

Answer 23

Structure:
-dendritic endings of sensory neurons
Location:
-closest to skin surface (papillary layer of the dermis and some dendritic endings extend into the deepest layers of the epidermal strata); mucous membrane
Function:
-detects temperature, pain, light touch and pressure

Question 24

Encapsulated endings

Answer 24

-sensory nerve endings that are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
-mechanoreceptors that can sense pressure, vibration, tension, and length

Question 25

Tractile receptors

Answer 25

-thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors or nociceptors located in the skin
-Unencapsulated
-Encapsulated

Question 26

Unencapsulated

Answer 26

-bare dendritic endings

Question 27

Encapsulated

Answer 27

-eclosed by tissue or cells