MUSCLES ATTACHMENT & ACTION Flashcards by Adin Clark

Orbicularis oris

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Maxilla and mandible
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Encircling the mouth; skin at corner of mouth
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Closes and protrudes lips, shapes lips during speech

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Orbicularis oculi

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Medial wall of orbit
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Circular path around orbit
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Closes eye

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Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Epicranial aponeurosis
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Skin superior to supraorbital margin
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows

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Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Superior nuchal line
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Epicranial aponeurosis
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Retracts the scalp

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Temporalis

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Temporal bone
Distal/Inferior Attachment Encircling the mouth
-Mandible
Innervation
-Trigeminal V nerve
Action
-Elevates and retracts the mandible

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Buccinator

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Maxilla and mandible
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Orbicularis oris
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Presses cheeks against teeth

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Masseter

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Maxilla and zygomatic arch
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Mandible
Innervation
-Trigeminal V nerve
Action
-Elevates mandible

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Extrinsic eye muscles

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Back of orbit
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Different parts of the eyeball
Innervation
-NA
Action
-Precise and rapid movement of the eyes

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Sternocleidomastoid

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Clavicle and sternum
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Temporal bone
Innervation
-Accessory nerve XI, C2 and C3
Action
-Flex and rotate the head

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Scalene muscles

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Cervical vertebrae
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-1st and 2nd ribs
Innervation
-Cervical spinal nerves
Action
-Flex neck, elevate 1st and 2nd ribs

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Splenis capitis

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-C7-T4
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Occipital bone, temporal bone
Innervation
-Cervical spinal nerves
Action
-Flex neck, elevate 1st and 2nd ribs

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Erector spinae

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Ribs
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Ribs and iliac crest
Innervation
-Cervical and thoracic nerves
Action
-Extend and maintain erect posture

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Pectoralis minor

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-2nd – 5th ribs
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Scapula
Innervation
-Medial pectoral nerve
Action
-Protracts and depresses scapula

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Pectoralis major

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Clavicle and sternum
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Proximal humerus
Innervation
-NA
Action
-Adducts and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder

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Latissimus dorsi

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Spines of T7 – L5 and iliac bone
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Mid-humerus
Innervation
-Thoracodorsal nerve
Action
-Drives arm anteriorly and posteriorly

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Biceps brachii

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Scapula
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Radius
Innervation
-Musculocutaneous nerve
Action
-Flexes forearm at the elbow joint, flexes arm at shoulder joint

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Diaphragm

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Xiphoid process, inferior 6 ribs, lumbar vertebrae
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Central tendon
Innervation
-Phrenic nerve
Action
-Normal inhalation

External intercostals

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Inferior border of rib above
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Superior border of rib below
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
Action
-Normal breathing

Internal intercostals

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Superior border of rib below
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Inferior border of rib above
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
Action
-Deep breathing

Trapezius

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Occipital bone and cervical spine
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Clavicle and acromion
Innervation
-Accessory (XI) and cervical spinal nerves C3- C5
Action
-Moves the scapula up and down, in and out

Deltoid

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Clavicle and upper scapula
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Humerus
Innervation
-Axillary nerve
Action
-Abducts, flexes, and medially rotates the upper arm

Rectus abdominus

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Pubic bone
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Ribs 5-7 and xipoid process
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12
Action
-Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

External oblique

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Ribs 5-12
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Iliac crest and linea alba
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12
Action
-Compress abdomen, sideways bending

Internal oblique

Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Ribs 7-10, linea alba
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12
Action
-Compress abdomen, sideways bending

Triceps brachii

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Scapula and posterior surface of humerus Distal/Inferior Attachment -Olecranon process of ulna Innervation -Radial nerve Action -Extends forearm at elbow joint and arm at shoulder joint

Brachioradialis

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Humerus Distal/Inferior Attachment -Distal radius Innervation -Radial nerve Action -Supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joint

Thenar

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Wrist tendons Distal/Inferior Attachment -Thumb Innervation -Ulnar and medial nerves Action -Oppose thumb

Hypothenar

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Wrist tendons Distal/Inferior Attachment -Little finger Innervation -Ulnar and medial nerves Action -Oppose thumb

Urinary sphincter

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Ischial and pubic rami Distal/Inferior Attachment -Median raphe in male, vaginal wall in female Innervation -Perineal branch of sacral plexus Action -Helps expel urine

External anal sphincter

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Anococcygeal ligament Distal/Inferior Attachment -Perineal body of perineum Innervation -Perineal branch of sacral plexus Action -Keeps anal canal and anus closed

Levator ani

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Pubis and ischial spine Distal/Inferior Attachment -Coccyx Innervation -Sacral spinal nerves Action -Supports and maintains position of pelvic viscera

Gluteus maximus

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx Distal/Inferior Attachment -Femur Innervation -Inferior gluteal nerve Action -Extends thigh at hip joint

Gluteus medius

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Ilium Distal/Inferior Attachment -Femur Innervation -Superior gluteal nerve Action -Abducts thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh

Gluteus minimus

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Ilium Distal/Inferior Attachment -Femur Innervation -Superior gluteal nerve Action -Abducts thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh

Psoas major

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Lumbar vertebrae Distal/Inferior Attachment -Femur Innervation -Lumbar spinal nerves Action -Flex thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh laterally, flex trunk on hip

Iliacus

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Iliac crest, sacrum Distal/Inferior Attachment -Femur Innervation -Lumbar spinal nerves Action -Flex thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh laterally, flex trunk on hip

Quadricep group (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis)

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Iliac spine and proximal femur Distal/Inferior Attachment -Patella and proximal tibia Innervation -Femoral nerve Action -Flexes thigh at hip joint, extend leg at knee joint

Adductors

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Pubis Distal/Inferior Attachment -Femur Innervation -Obturator nerve Action -Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh

Hamstring group (bicep femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Ischial tuberosity Distal/Inferior Attachment -Proximal tibia and fibula Innervation -Tibial nerve from sciatic nerve Action -Flexes leg at knee joint and extend thigh at hip joint

Tibialis anterior

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Tibia Distal/Inferior Attachment -First cuneiform and first metatarsal Innervation -Deep fibular nerve Action -Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Gastrocsoleus (gastrocnemius and soleus muscles)

Proximal/Superior Attachment -Femur, capsule of knee, head of fibula Distal/Inferior Attachment -Calcaneous Innervation -Tibial nerve Action -Plantar flexes foot