MUSCLES ATTACHMENT & ACTION Flashcards
Orbicularis oris
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Maxilla and mandible
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Encircling the mouth; skin at corner of mouth
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Closes and protrudes lips, shapes lips during speech
Orbicularis oculi
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Medial wall of orbit
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Circular path around orbit
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Closes eye
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Epicranial aponeurosis
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Skin superior to supraorbital margin
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Superior nuchal line
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Epicranial aponeurosis
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Retracts the scalp
Temporalis
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Temporal bone
Distal/Inferior Attachment Encircling the mouth
-Mandible
Innervation
-Trigeminal V nerve
Action
-Elevates and retracts the mandible
Buccinator
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Maxilla and mandible
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Orbicularis oris
Innervation
-Facial VII nerve
Action
-Presses cheeks against teeth
Masseter
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Maxilla and zygomatic arch
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Mandible
Innervation
-Trigeminal V nerve
Action
-Elevates mandible
Extrinsic eye muscles
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Back of orbit
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Different parts of the eyeball
Innervation
-NA
Action
-Precise and rapid movement of the eyes
Sternocleidomastoid
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Clavicle and sternum
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Temporal bone
Innervation
-Accessory nerve XI, C2 and C3
Action
-Flex and rotate the head
Scalene muscles
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Cervical vertebrae
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-1st and 2nd ribs
Innervation
-Cervical spinal nerves
Action
-Flex neck, elevate 1st and 2nd ribs
Splenis capitis
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-C7-T4
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Occipital bone, temporal bone
Innervation
-Cervical spinal nerves
Action
-Flex neck, elevate 1st and 2nd ribs
Erector spinae
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Ribs
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Ribs and iliac crest
Innervation
-Cervical and thoracic nerves
Action
-Extend and maintain erect posture
Pectoralis minor
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-2nd – 5th ribs
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Scapula
Innervation
-Medial pectoral nerve
Action
-Protracts and depresses scapula
Pectoralis major
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Clavicle and sternum
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Proximal humerus
Innervation
-NA
Action
-Adducts and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder
Latissimus dorsi
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Spines of T7 – L5 and iliac bone
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Mid-humerus
Innervation
-Thoracodorsal nerve
Action
-Drives arm anteriorly and posteriorly
Biceps brachii
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Scapula
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Radius
Innervation
-Musculocutaneous nerve
Action
-Flexes forearm at the elbow joint, flexes arm at shoulder joint
Diaphragm
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Xiphoid process, inferior 6 ribs, lumbar vertebrae
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Central tendon
Innervation
-Phrenic nerve
Action
-Normal inhalation
External intercostals
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Inferior border of rib above
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Superior border of rib below
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
Action
-Normal breathing
Internal intercostals
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Superior border of rib below
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Inferior border of rib above
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12
Action
-Deep breathing
Trapezius
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Occipital bone and cervical spine
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Clavicle and acromion
Innervation
-Accessory (XI) and cervical spinal nerves C3- C5
Action
-Moves the scapula up and down, in and out
Deltoid
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Clavicle and upper scapula
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Humerus
Innervation
-Axillary nerve
Action
-Abducts, flexes, and medially rotates the upper arm
Rectus abdominus
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Pubic bone
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Ribs 5-7 and xipoid process
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12
Action
-Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
External oblique
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Ribs 5-12
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Iliac crest and linea alba
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T7-T12
Action
-Compress abdomen, sideways bending
Internal oblique
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Ribs 7-10, linea alba
Innervation
-Thoracic spinal nerves T8-T12
Action
-Compress abdomen, sideways bending
Triceps brachii
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Scapula and posterior surface of humerus
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Olecranon process of ulna
Innervation
-Radial nerve
Action
-Extends forearm at elbow joint and arm at shoulder joint
Brachioradialis
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Humerus
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Distal radius
Innervation
-Radial nerve
Action
-Supinates the forearm at the radioulnar joint
Thenar
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Wrist tendons
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Thumb
Innervation
-Ulnar and medial nerves
Action
-Oppose thumb
Hypothenar
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Wrist tendons
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Little finger
Innervation
-Ulnar and medial nerves
Action
-Oppose thumb
Urinary sphincter
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Ischial and pubic rami
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Median raphe in male, vaginal wall in female
Innervation
-Perineal branch of sacral plexus
Action
-Helps expel urine
External anal sphincter
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Anococcygeal ligament
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Perineal body of perineum
Innervation
-Perineal branch of sacral plexus
Action
-Keeps anal canal and anus closed
Levator ani
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Pubis and ischial spine
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Coccyx
Innervation
-Sacral spinal nerves
Action
-Supports and maintains position of pelvic viscera
Gluteus maximus
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Femur
Innervation
-Inferior gluteal nerve
Action
-Extends thigh at hip joint
Gluteus medius
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Ilium
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Femur
Innervation
-Superior gluteal nerve
Action
-Abducts thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh
Gluteus minimus
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Ilium
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Femur
Innervation
-Superior gluteal nerve
Action
-Abducts thigh at hip joint, medially rotates thigh
Psoas major
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Lumbar vertebrae
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Femur
Innervation
-Lumbar spinal nerves
Action
-Flex thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh laterally, flex trunk on hip
Iliacus
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Iliac crest, sacrum
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Femur
Innervation
-Lumbar spinal nerves
Action
-Flex thigh at hip joint, rotate thigh laterally, flex trunk on hip
Quadricep group (rectus
femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis)
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Iliac spine and proximal femur
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Patella and proximal tibia
Innervation
-Femoral nerve
Action
-Flexes thigh at hip joint, extend leg at knee joint
Adductors
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Pubis
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Femur
Innervation
-Obturator nerve
Action
-Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint and rotates thigh
Hamstring group (bicep femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Ischial tuberosity
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Proximal tibia and fibula
Innervation
-Tibial nerve from sciatic nerve
Action
-Flexes leg at knee joint and extend thigh at hip joint
Tibialis anterior
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Tibia
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-First cuneiform and first metatarsal
Innervation
-Deep fibular nerve
Action
-Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
Gastrocsoleus (gastrocnemius and soleus muscles)
Proximal/Superior Attachment
-Femur, capsule of knee, head of fibula
Distal/Inferior Attachment
-Calcaneous
Innervation
-Tibial nerve
Action
-Plantar flexes foot
