Sensation and perception Flashcards

1
Q

Much of the brain is involved in the representation of information acquired from the different

S……………………………

receptors.

A

Sensory

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2
Q

Signal transduction from sound wave to neuronal signal begins at the

E………………………….

A

Eardrums

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3
Q

S……………………….

are processed in the hair cells and basilar membrane of the

C……………………………

sends its information in the form of neuronal signals to the inferior colliculus and the cochlear nucleus.

A

Signals

Cochlea

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4
Q

Information then travels to the medial geniculate nucleus of the

T……………………

and on to the

P……………………..

auditory cortex.

A

Thalamus

Primary

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5
Q

Sound localization is aided by the processing of differences in

interaural T………………..

and interaural S……………..

intensity, which are each coded

S…………………………..

in the brain.

A

Time

Sound

Separately

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6
Q

Signal T……………………

from odorant to neuronal signal begins when the odorant attaches to an odor receptor in the olfactory

E…………………………

A

Transduction

Epithelium

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7
Q

The signal in then sent to the

O……………………… B………………..

through the olfactory nerve, which synapses on the primary olfactory cortex.

A

Olfactory

Bulb

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8
Q

Signals are also relayed to the

O……………………… cortex,

a secondary olfactory processing area.

A

Orbitofrontal

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9
Q

The P……………………….. O………………… C………………………..

is important for detecting a change in

E………………………… odor.

A

Primary Olfactory Cortex

External

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10
Q

The secondary olfactory cortex is important for identifying

the S………………….. I…………………………

A

Smell

Itself

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11
Q

Similar to the importance of sampling sound from two ears, we use our two nostrils to obtain different

O……………………….. S………………………..,

varying the rate of air flow through each nostril and thus altering the rate of

A……………………………….

A

Olfactory Samples

Absorption

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12
Q

The anatomical proximity and neural interactions between

O………………………….. cortex

and the L………………….. system

likely account for why smells can trigger vivid memories.

A

Olfactory

Limbic

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13
Q

The olfactory pathway is the only sensory pathway that does

N……… S…………. I…………………………….

to the thalamus.

A

Not send information

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14
Q

Gustation and olfaction are known together as the

C…………………………. S…………………….

because the initial response is to molecules (chemicals) in the environment.

A

Chemical Senses

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15
Q

The five basic tastes are

S………………….., sour,

B………………………, sweet,

and U………………………

A

Salty

Bitter

Umami

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16
Q

The perception of more complex tastes arises from the complex cortical processing of these individual tastes in areas of the brain such as

the S…………………….. G……………………….. C…………………..

in the O…………………………region.

A

Secondary Gustatory Cortex

Orbitofrontal

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17
Q

Orbitofrontal cortex is also involved in processing the reward value of

F…………..

and the resulting

M…………………………..

to eat food.

A

Food

Motivation

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18
Q

Corpuscles located in the skin respond to somatosensory information such as

T……………………..,

P…………………………, and

T……………………………….

A

Touch

Pressure

Temperature

19
Q

Nociceptors (free nerve endings) respond to

P……………………. I……………………………

A

Pain

Information

20
Q

Nerve cells at the junctions of muscles and tendons provide

P…………………………….. information.

A

Propioceptive

21
Q

P………………………. S…………………… C……………… (S1)

contains a homunculus of the body, with the more sensitive regions encompassing relatively larger areas of cortex.

A

Primary

Somatosensory

Cortex

22
Q

Bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) receives sensory information from

B……………. S……………………

of the body, allowing for cross talk of sensory information.

A

Both Sides

23
Q

Photoreceptors

(R………….. and C……………..

in the retina translate light into neural signals.

A

Rods

Cones

24
Q

The three types of

C………………….

are sensitive to different regions of the visible spectrum and are used for

C………………….. P………………………….

A

Cones

Color

Perception

25
Rods are very sensitive even under low levels of illumination but are N........... C........................ S................................
Not Color Sensitive
26
The F......................., at the center of the retina, is densely packed with C.....................; the P............................ of the retina contains mostly R.....................
Fovea Cones Periphery Rods
27
Light hits the retina and travels within the retina from rod or cone to bipolar cell to G....................... C....................
Ganglion Cell
28
The O....................... N..................... is formed from the axons of the ganglion cells, some of which decussate at the O.................... C......................
Optic nerve Optic chiasm
29
Visual cortex is made up of many distinct regions, which carry out S............................. P............................ functions.
Specialized Processing
30
Cells in area ............... are sensitive to color information and cells in V5 are sensitive to M...................... I...........................
V4 Motion Information
31
A................................, the inability to perceive color results from lesions to areas in and around human V4. However, these regions do not just represent color, but also are important for S..................... P...................... Color is one A........................ that facilitates the perception of shape.
Achromatopsia Shape Perception Attribute
32
Akinetopsia, the inability to P..................... M.................... results from lesions to area ......... (human MT).
Process Motion V5
33
Superior C.................... lesions impair the ability of an animal to orient toward the position of a stimulus (which is important for S.......................... O.......................... ).
Colliculus Spatial Orientation
34
In some cases, patients with lesions of the visual cortex exhibit B.........................., the ability to locate the position of a stimulus even when they are unaware of its presence.
Blindsight
35
Blindsight may occur because the information reaching the S.......................... C......................... is sufficient to indicate position or extrastriate regions are activated W.............. input from the primary visual cortex.
Superior Colliculus Without
36
Some areas of the brain, such as the superior colliculus and superior temporal sulci, process information from more than one sensory modality, integrating the M........................ I....................... to increase the S........................ and A....................... of perception.
Multimodal Information Sensitivity Accuracy
37
When multisensory information is presented coincidently in time and S............................, the multisensory neural response is E.............................
Space Enhanced
38
When multisensory information I.... N........ P......................... coincidently in time and space, the multisensory neural response is D.................................
Is not presented Depressed
39
People with synesthesia experience a mixing of the senses, like colored H....................., colored G........................., or colored T..................
Hearing Graphemes Taste
40
The stimulus that triggers synesthesia is the I......................., and the synesthesic response is the C.........................
Inducer Concurrent
41
There is some debate about where along the processing stream synesthesia is processed –either early (P.............................) or late (P................................).
Preconsciously Postconsciously
42
Following sensory deprivation, the function of sensory regions of the cortex may become reorganized, or exhibit what is called P............................ For instance, in blind individuals, areas of the brain that are usually involved in visual function may become part of the S............................... C..........................
Plasticity Somatosensory Cortex
43