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ap psych > sensation and perception > Flashcards

sensation and perception Flashcards

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1
Q

sensation

A

using our five senses to encode nformation

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2
Q

absolute threshold

A

the weakest level of a stimulus that can still be detected 50% of the time

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3
Q

signal detection theory

A

for some stimuli there is no absolute threshold due to factors such as fatigue, attention, emotion, distress, etc.

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4
Q

sublimal stimulation

A

a real change but you don’t notice because its so small

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5
Q

difference threshold

A

minimum difference between two stimuli that a person can detect 50% of the time
goldilocks moment - just right!

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6
Q

webers law

A

the bigger the stimulus change, the more the difference threshold goes up

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7
Q

bottom up processing

A

react first then think

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8
Q

top down processing

A

think and then react

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9
Q

constancies

A

things that stay constant even though it may appear to change when it gets closer/farther away

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10
Q

pupil

A

light reflects through it to see an object

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11
Q

vitreous

A

white part of the eye

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12
Q

retina

A

in back of eye

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13
Q

cornea

A

rigid transparent structure on surface of eyeball

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14
Q

lens

A

adjustable and helps to focus

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15
Q

myopia

A

cant see far away

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16
Q

hyperopia

A

can’t see close up

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17
Q

what are the two types of visual receptors

A

rods and cones

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18
Q

cones

A

help you see color

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19
Q

rods

A

help you see in the dark

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20
Q

dark adaptation

A

the gradual ability to be able to see better after the lights go out (the act of your eyes adjusting to the darkness and being able to see better)

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21
Q

fovea

A

in charge of sharp vision
cones and rods live in the center

22
Q

trichromatic theory

A

AKA YOUNG HELMHOLTZ THEORY
our recepetors (cones) respond to three primary colors red green and blue

23
Q

opponent process theory

A

we do not percieve colors as individual but in paired opposites
red v green
yellow v blue
white v black

24
Q

vestibular sense

A

helps with balance
lives in inner ear
needs vision also (why its hard t stand on one foot with eyes closed)

25
Q

pain

A

tactile sensation (somatosensation)

26
Q

gate theory

A

pain messages must pass through a gate (believed to be the spinal cord) in order to reach the brain which processes the pain

27
Q

taste

A

gustation

28
Q

taste

A

olfaction

29
Q

five tastes are…

A

salty, sweet, sour, bitter, umami (savory)

30
Q

selective attention

A

at any moment our attention focuses on only a limited aspect of all that we experience
ex: cocktail party effect (hearing your name in a crowd and turning to look)

31
Q

gestalt psychology

A

focuses on our ability to perceive patterns (optical illusions photos)

32
Q

figure ground

A

ability to identify an object from a background

33
Q

monocular cue

A

clues based on distance from one eye

34
Q

binocular cue

A

clues based on distance from two eyes
includes retinal display and convergence

35
Q

retinal disparity

A

slightly different view the two eyes have of the same object
your brain will automatically merge the two

36
Q

convergence

A

inward turning of your eyes when an object comes closer

37
Q

phi phnomenom

A

lights blinking perceived as movement

38
Q

amplitude

A

height of the sound wave
the higher it is, the louder the sound

39
Q

absolute threshold for hearing

A

0 db
(normal conversations are 60 db)

40
Q

when does hearing loss occur

A

above 85 db

41
Q

what is music with headphones

A

105-120 db

42
Q

frequency of soundwave

A

the number of complete soundwaves that pass a point in a second (Hz)
determines the highness or lowness of the sound/pitch

43
Q

the shorter the wavelength…

A

the higher the frequency
the higher the pitch

44
Q

what is the range people can hear

A

20-20,000 Hz

45
Q

sound localization

A

the process by which you can tell where a sound is coming from

46
Q

cochlea

A

contains the receptors for hearing
shaped like a snail
contains the basilar membrane

47
Q

basilar membrane

A

contains hair cells that are connected to neurons attached to the auditory nerve

48
Q

conduction deafness

A

bones connected to the eardrum fail to transmit sound waves to the cochlea

49
Q

nerve deafness

A

results from damage to the cochlea, the hair, cells, or the auditory nerve

50
Q

frequency theory

A

the rate of the neural impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, enabling you to sense its pitch

ap psych (11 decks)

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