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ap psych > psychology and the brain - 9/22 > Flashcards

psychology and the brain - 9/22 Flashcards

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1
Q

neurons

A

nerve cells

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2
Q

glia

A

support neurons by insulating them, synchronizing activity, and removing waste product

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3
Q

cell body

A

contains the nucleus of the cell

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4
Q

dendrites

A

“tree”
widely branching structures that receive transmissions from other neurons

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5
Q

axon

A

single, long, thin , straight fibers with branches near its tip
sends transmits information

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6
Q

action potential

A

an excitation that travels along an axon at a constant strength no matter how far it must travel

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7
Q

action potential in a nutshell

A

sodium enters the cell (excitation) and potassium leaves (return to resting potential)

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8
Q

synapses

A

gaps between one neuron and another

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9
Q

terminal bouton

A

presynaptic ending little bulge on the brances of an axon

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10
Q

when an action potential reaches the terminal bouton…

A

it releases a neurotransmitter

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11
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical that can activate receptors on other neurons

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12
Q

agonist

A

a drug that boosts the effect of a neurotransmitter

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13
Q

antagonist

A

a drug that block the effect of a neurotransmitter

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14
Q

acetylcholine

A
  • movement, attention, learning, emotion
  • alzheimers disease
    -partial agonist
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15
Q

serotonin

A
  • mood, hunger, sleep, arousal
  • low amounts are linked to depression
  • antagonist
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16
Q

norepinephrine

A
  • controls alertness and arousal
  • low amounts can depress mood
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17
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

18
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

everything but brain and spinal cord

19
Q

autonomic

A

involuntary behaviors
breathing, digestion, heartbeat

20
Q

somatic

A

voluntary behaviors
muscle movements, waving hello

21
Q

parasympathetic

A

“activated” when you are calm

22
Q

sympathetic

A

activated when you are scared
“fight or flight”

23
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalogram
measures brainwave activity and level of consciousness

24
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging
shows structure of the brain

25
Q

CAT scan

A

computerized axial tomography
shows structure of the brain
more detailed than an MRI beause it shows the cross section

26
Q

PET scan

A

positive emission tomography
shows function of the brain
for TBI patients to show if the brain is still “lighting up”

27
Q

fMRI

A

functional MRI
combines MRI and PET scan
shows structure AND function of the brain
it is the only one that does this

28
Q

cerebellum

A

-movements
- lets you move smoothly and rapidly
- controls timing
- affected by alcohol
- contains olfactory bulb (links smell to memories)

29
Q

medulla

A
  • receives sensory input from 5 senses and sends impulses for motor control of the head
  • contains reticular formation (regulates the arousal of the brain including if your sleepy or awake)
30
Q

thalamus

A

recieves sensory information from everythig but smell and sends it to appropriate areas of forebrain

31
Q

cerebral cortex

A

left and right hemispheres
- left hemisphere controls right side of body
- has four lobes

32
Q

occipetal lobe

A
  • in charge of vision
  • in the back of your head
33
Q

parietal lobe

A
  • specialized for touch sense (pain, temp, awareness of body parts)
34
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • located on the left ad right side of head
    in charge of hearing
  • helps with complex vision cues
  • contains wernickes area and brocas area
  • amygdala
35
Q

wernickes area

A

comprehension of a language

36
Q

brocas area

A

production of a language

37
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • decision making, understanding of consequences
  • primary motor cortex and fie movements
38
Q

hypothalmus

A
  • eating, drinking, sexual behaviors
  • part of limbic system
39
Q

hippocampus

A
  • memory storage
  • part of limbic system
40
Q

limbic system

A
  • emotional control center

ap psych (11 decks)

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