abnormal psych Flashcards
definition of abnormal behavior
- distress (including to others)
- disability
- increased risk of death, pain, or loss of freedom
western viewpoint
biopsychosocial model
- biological influences
- psychological influences
- social influences
what is the main difference between dsm 4 and 5
it got rid of the axis
the insanity defense requires that defendant
- did not or understand the consequences of their actions
- could not understand the difference between right and wrong
- was unable to control their actions
anxiety disorder causes
genetics, biology, environmental factors, evolution
generalized anxiety disorder
- 4%
- persistent excessive and uncontrollable worry for at least six months
- symptoms: fatigue, difficulty focusing, difficulty sleeping
panic disorder
- 3%
- unpredictable panic attacks
- minutes long
- smokers have 2-4x greater risk
- symptoms: nausea, dizziness, sweating, chills, hot flashes
phobias
- 8%
- focused anxiety on specific objects or activities
- fears become phobias when they interfere with your daily living
OCD
- 2-3%
- unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions
- obsessions –> thoughts
- compulsions –> actions
mood disorders causes
genetics, biology, environment, previous diagnosis, major life changes, brain structure
ex: depression = low levels of serotonin
major depressive disorder
- # 1 people seek mental health services
- leading cause of disability worldwide
- 2+ weeks of low moods, feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, no interest in hobbies, loss of abiity to imagine happiness, 24/7
seasonal affective disorder
- reoccurring depression during winter months
- treatmets = light boxes
bipolar disorder
- patient alternates between depression and mania
- mania: hyperactive, no judgement
- no restraint (drugs, alcohol, fire alarm theory)
PTSD
- dsm 5 –> now a stand alone disorder
- symptoms: haunting memories, nightmares, hyper vigilance, social withdrawal, numbness of emotions
- lasting for at least 4 weeks
- 1 in 4 have it
DID
- you know this
conversion disorder
- a disorder in which a person is suffering medical problems but there is no medical explanation for it
ex: a person is blind but an eye test shows no nerve damage
hypochodriasis
always thinks they are dying
phantom limb disorder
no limb but still pain
body dysmorphic disorder
connected to EDs
thinks they look differently then hey actually do
schizophrenic delusions
- false belief cannot be corrected
- does not align with society or the patients education
schizophrenic hallucination
- false sensory perception
-experienced without real external stimuli
when does schezophrenia develop
between 18-30
most diagnosis happens between 18-20
persecution schizophrenic delusion
FBI, CIA, Police are after patient
grandeur schizophrenic delusion
patient believes they are extremely important such as a God, or an angel, or a special messenger
reference schizophrenic delusion
patient believes they are secret messages being sent to them through the TV or through the newspaper that they must decode
sub types of schizophrenia
- paranoid: preoccupation with delusions, hallucinations, often beliefs of persecution
- disorganized:bad speech/ behavior, flat affect
- residual: withdrawal after treatment
causes of schizophrenia
- brain chem: high levels of dopamine, can be caused by use of marijuana (THC)
- genetics
- biology: fluid filled pocket in brain
positive (present) symptoms of schizophrenia
- delusions
- hallucinations
- disorganized speech
- disorganized behavior
negative (not present) symptoms of schizophrenia
- emotion (flat affect)
- hygiene
- motivation
these are not present in the patient
narcissistic personality disorder
exaggerate their own importance
borderline personality disorder
unstable identity, unstable relationships, impulsive emotions
antisocial personality disorder
- zero empathy
- typically male
- lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even to family and friends
- abuse animals
- often get in major trouble with the law
art therapy
- 1900s in insane asylums
- was established in 1969
- reduces stress, resolves conflicts, helps with communication
- requires a masters degree
psychoanalysis
- talk therapy (free association)
- dream analysis
- hypnosis
- takes a long time, several years, multiple sessions a week
humanistic therapy
- client centered therapy
- therapist listens and does not steer the patient in a specific direction
- active listening, acknowledge feelings, restate what they said
behavior therapies
- applies learning principles to eliminate trouble behaviors
- operant conditioning
- tries to change behavior positively
- does not try to find causes
- goal directed
- systematic desensitization
- flooding
- token economy
cognitive
- teaches new ways of thinking
- uses questioning to make people realize their own irrational thought
- can be viewed as confrontational
CBT (cognitive behavior therapy)
- Albert Ellis
- combines changing your thought with adding positive behavior
- most effective and popular in the west
group therapy
- cheap
- your not alone
- see how others deal
- led by real Dr
What therapy for when
behavioral: phobias, compulsions, disorders
cognitive: depression, anxiety, bulimia
exposure: anxiety, phobias
antipsychotics
thorazine, clozapine
reduces response to stimuli
lowers dopamine
s/e: sluggisheness, tremors, tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movement)
antianxiety
xanax, ativan
depress central nervous system activity
can cause psychological and physiological dependence
anti-depressants
prozac, zoloft, paxil
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
s/e: increase in suicidal thoughts
mood stabalizers
lithium/salt
for mood swings and bipolar disorder
electroconvulsive therapy
- anesthesia used
- muscle relaxant
- not painful
- used for severe depression
s/e: memory loss
not sure why it works but possibly because it resets the brain
