cognition and language

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

study of mental activities like…
- thinking
-remembering
- communicating

Question 2

cognitive psychologists study…

Answer 2

concept formation
problem solving
decicision making
judgement formation

Question 3

prototype

Answer 3

mental image
best example of a category

Question 4

spreading activation

Answer 4

thinking of once concept/category and activate concepts linked to it (thinking of one thing and it making you think of other related things)

Question 5

priming

Answer 5

what gets spreading activation started

Question 6

algorithm

Answer 6

trying every possible solution
will get the right answer
will take a lot of time

Question 7

heuristic

Answer 7

trying the best possible solution
may not produce the correct solution
takes less time

Question 8

representative heuristic

Answer 8

judge based on how similar it is to other things in a category (look like a duck, quack likes a duck, it must be a duck)

Question 9

availability heuristic

Answer 9

judge based on examples that come to mind

Question 10

belief perseverance

Answer 10

maintaining a belief even after it’s been proven wrong

Question 11

belief bias

Answer 11

we will accept any conclusion that will support our belief

Question 12

perceptual sets

Answer 12

relies on familiar ways of perceiving stimuli (tunnel vision)

Question 13

mental sets

Answer 13

familiar way of solving problems

Question 14

functional fixedness

Answer 14

the inability to see a new use for an object

Question 15

confirmation bias

Answer 15

we seek and look for information that will support our belief but we ignore information that doesn’t

Question 16

framing effect

Answer 16

the way we are presented a problem can drastically change how we solve it

Question 17

sunk cost effect

Answer 17

tendency to stick with something because you already spent time and money

Question 18

gamblers fallcy

Answer 18

belief that if something has not yet happened yet it is bound to happen soon

Question 19

capture error

Answer 19

an activity that’s frequently done “captures” the intended one

Question 20

description error

Answer 20

an action is performed on the wrong object because it looks like the intended object

Question 21

association activation

Answer 21

internal thoughts trigger an inappropriate response (“you too!”)

Question 22

loss of activation

Answer 22

walking in to a room and not remembering why you walked in

Question 23

convergent

Answer 23

coming up with the best idea

Question 24

divergent

Answer 24

coming up with as many ideas as possible

Question 25

attentive attention

Answer 25

grid by grid

Question 26

preattentive attention

Answer 26

big picture

Question 27

selective/shifting attention

Answer 27

paying attention to one thing so much that you ignore everything else

Question 28

attention blink

Answer 28

time in between two stimuli = black hole

Question 29

phoneme

Answer 29

smallest distinctive sound unit

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

the smallest unit of meaning in a word

Question 31

syntax

Answer 31

order of words/ sentence structure

Question 32

semantics

Answer 32

the meaning derived from a sentence

Question 33

noam chomsky

Answer 33

famous linguist
believed in inborn universal grammar
our ability to know grammar rules automatically when we are born

Question 34

critical period for language

Answer 34

2-7 years

Question 35

babbling stage

Answer 35

3 months-1 year

Question 36

holophrastic stage

Answer 36

one word
1-2 years

Question 37

telegraphic speech stage

Answer 37

2-3 years

Question 38

What age do humans have full adult competency

Answer 38

4