personality

Question 1

psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Answer 1

• freud
• emphasis on childhood being an important time in forming personality
• personality cones from unconscious mind
• goal of therapy is to bring it to the surface
• dream analysis, hypnosis, talk therapy (free association)

Question 2

id

Answer 2

• pleasure principal
• does not contact reality
• primitive/impulsive
• does not think about consequences

Question 3

superego

Answer 3

• conscience and morals
• called the morality principle
• no contact with reality
• develops due to moral and ethical restraint put on us
• right vs wrong
• tells us what we should do

Question 4

ego

Answer 4

• maintains the balance
• reality principle
• contact with reality
• job is to meet needs but consider situation
• makes decisions

Question 5

projection

Answer 5

people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
ex: “you look like a mess, are you okay?”
you yourself are a mess

Question 6

reaction formation

Answer 6

acting the opposite of how you feel
ex: a guy being mean to a girl he actually has a crush on

Question 7

denial

Answer 7

if something is anxiety producing, you deny the existence or reality of the situation

Question 8

repression

Answer 8

the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts feelings and impulses
ex: me not being able to remember parts of my treatment

Question 9

displacement

Answer 9

taking your feelings out on someone/something less threatening

Question 10

rationalization

Answer 10

making excuses for your behavior

Question 11

sublimation

Answer 11

taking a socially unacceptable behavior and turning it into something more acceptable
ex: liking to disect things —> become a surgeon

Question 12

regression

Answer 12

when something threatens your ego so you revert back to a child like state to cope

Question 13

oedipus complex

Answer 13

boys develop romantic feelings towards mom and then begin to hate dad because he is seen as competition

Question 14

fixation

Answer 14

getting stuck in a stage

Question 15

oral stage

Answer 15

• 0 to 1
• children enjoy sucking tasting and putting things in their mouth

Question 16

anal stage

Answer 16

• 2 to 3
• children begin to potty train

Question 17

phallic stage

Answer 17

• 3 to 6
• boys attached to mother, girls attached to father, oedipus complex

Question 18

latency stage

Answer 18

• 6 to puberty
• children spend time with same sex peers

Question 19

genital stage

Answer 19

• puberty on
• children begin to become attracted towards others

Question 20

carl jung

Answer 20

• psychodynamic theorists
• believed in the unconscious but believed in a collective unconscious which is shared, inherited, reservoir of memories from our ancestors
• focus was on ancestry

Question 21

alfred adler

Answer 21

• psychodynamic theorists
• behavior is driven by efforts to conquer childhood feelings of inferiority
• we have an unconscious desire to succeed
• inferiority complex
• focus was achievement

Question 22

how to get into the unconscious

Answer 22

• hypnosis
• dreams
• free association
• projective tests (TAT and inkblot tests)

Question 23

TAT test

Answer 23

give subject a picture that is vague and ask them to write a story about what is happening in the picture

Question 24

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 24

most widely used
subjects given inkblots designed to identify people’s feelings when they are asked to interpret what they see

Question 25

humanistic approach

Answer 25

focus on uniqueness and richness of being human
how we strive for self actualization
being the best person you can be

Question 26

founders of humanistic approach

Answer 26

abraham maslow
carl rodgers

Question 27

carl rodgers

Answer 27

• genuineness, acceptance, empathy
• unconditional positive regard (unconditional love) is needed to grow as a person
• self concept is central to your personality
• you have an ideal self and an actual self
• goal of therapy is to match the two

Question 28

Social Cognitive Approach

Answer 28

John Watson (founder of behavioral, little albert experiment)
BF Skinner (operant conditioning)
Albert Bandura (bobo doll experiment)
Focus: we develop personality by learning it and observing it and what we think about our situations

Question 29

Trait Approach

Answer 29

personality is made up of traits you can study and measure
- Gordon allport (identified 18,000 traits)
- Raymond Cattel (narrowed it down to 35)
- Robert McRae ( narrowed it down to the big 5 - OCEAN)

Question 30

nomothetic approach

Answer 30

• generalize people
• objective
• numerical data

Question 31

idiographic approach

Answer 31

• focus on uniqueness
• subjective
• study of individual

Question 32

internal locus of control

Answer 32

no luck or fate
in charge of your own destiny

Question 33

external locus of control

Answer 33

things happen for a reason
fate and luck = good

Question 34

The Big Five

Answer 34

Open Mindedness vs Close Mindedness
Conscientiousness vs Lazy
Extraversion vs Intraversion
Agreeableness vs Argumentative
Neurotic vs Stable

Question 35

assesing personality

Answer 35

projective tests (inkblot, TAT)
subjective tests (MMPI)

Question 36

Barnum Effect

Answer 36

tendency to accept personality assessment results because they are so vague

Question 37

Halo Effect

Answer 37

tendency to accept personality assessment results because they are positive

Question 38

Hawthorne effect

Answer 38

tendency to act differently when you are being watched
ex: elf on the shelf