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Science 2017-2018 > Semester One Day Two Review > Flashcards

Semester One Day Two Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nucleotide

A

The subunit that makes up DNA

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2
Q

What is a amino acid

A

The molecules that make up proteins

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3
Q

What is a codon

A

The three letter code for an amino acid

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4
Q

What is a ribosome

A

The organelle that synthesises protein

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5
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide

A

Sugar
Phosphate
Base

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6
Q

What are the four bases and tell which ones are complementary

A

Adenine~Thynine

Cytosine~Guanine

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7
Q

What parts of a nucleotide make up the “rings” of the double helix what parts make up the “sides”

A

Base pairs make up the rungs

Phosphate and sugar make up the sides

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8
Q

What is the first step in making a protein

A

A mirror like copy of DNA is made by m-RNA and leaves the nucleus

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9
Q

What is the second step in making a protein

A

The m-RNA goes through a ribosome

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10
Q

What is the third step in making a protein

A

The t-RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

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11
Q

What is the fourth step in making a protein shake

A

The codons are read, and the t-RNA with the complementary codes attach the correct amino acids

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12
Q

What is the fifth and final step in making a protein

A

The amino acids are joined together to make a protein

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13
Q

What is a mutation

A

Changes in the number, type, or order of base pairs in DNA or RNA

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14
Q

What is a insertion

A

When a base pair is added to a strand of DNA or RNA

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15
Q

What is a substitution

A

When a base pair is replaced in a strand of DNA or RNA

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16
Q

What is a mutagen

A

A physical or chemical agent that can cause changes in DNA or RNA

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17
Q

What is deletion

A

When a base pair is removed from from a strand of DNA or RNA

18
Q

What is genetic engineering

A

The manipulation of genes within an organism

19
Q

All organism are classified into what

A

One of three domains

20
Q

Each domain of organisms is divided into several what?

A

Kingdoms

21
Q

What is the smallest and most specific classification level

A

Species

22
Q

Number the eight classification levels in order from largest and most general to smallest and most specific. (Use thingy)

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
23
Q

Why do people classify organisms

A

To understand, make order, see relationships

24
Q

Hood you know the genus name of something

A

If it is capitalised and written first

25
Q

How do you know the species name of something

A

It is lower case and written second

26
Q

What is a defensive behaviour

A

A behavior that an animal uses to protect its mate,food,territory,and itself

27
Q

What is a innate behavior

A

A behavior that is present at birth

28
Q

What is courtship

A

A behavior an animal uses to attract a mate

29
Q

What is a learned behavior

A

A behavior that is not present at birth but has been taught or has been acquired from some experience

30
Q

What is estivation

A

A period of reduced activity during hot weather

Hibernation in the summer

31
Q

What is an embryo

A

The very early stage of development of an organism produced by sexual reproduction

32
Q

What are the three domains

A

Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria

33
Q

What are the four kingdoms is eukarya

A

Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

34
Q

What are the three body plans

A

Radial symmetry- starfish
Bilateral symmetry-ant
Asymmetry-no symmetry like a sponge

35
Q

What are the characteristics of a Porifera

A

It has no gut,tissues, or neutrons
It can regenerate is a part is broken off
It must live in the water
It has an asymmetrical body plan

36
Q

What are the characteristics of a cnidarian

A

It has a gut and neurons
It has stinging cells
It has a polyp or medusa shape
Most have radial symmetry, but some are asymmetrical

37
Q

What are names of some cnidarians that have a polyp shape

A

Hydrozoans
Coral
Sea anemone

38
Q

What are the names of some cnidarian ps with the medusa shape

A

Jellyfish

39
Q

What are characteristics of Platyhelminthes

A

It has a bilateral body shape
It has a gut and coelom
It is a flatworm
It has a head

40
Q

Compare and contrast planarians vs flukes vs tapeworms

A

Planarians-eyespots and sensory lobes, they are predators, they live in water of damp places
Flukes-mouth and sucker to attach to host, they are parasites
Tapeworms-mouth, they are parasites
They are all flatworms with a bilateral body plan and heads with a very simple brain

41
Q

Contrast Nematoda vs Platyhelminthes

A

Nematoda are roundworms, they have round smooth bodies, they are either decomposers or parasite
Platyhelminthes are flatworms, they have flat bodies, they are either predators or parasites

42
Q

Say if the following things are Porifera, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, or cnidarian:

A 
Coral- Cnidarian 
Jellyfish- cnidarian
Planarian- Platyhelminthes 
Roundworm-Nematoda
Fluke-Platyhelminthes
Sponge-Porifera
Tapeworm-platyhelminthes
Sea anemone-cnidarian

Science 2017-2018 (12 decks)

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