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Science 2017-2018 > Semester One Day One Review > Flashcards

Semester One Day One Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of cell theory?

A

All organisms are made of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of all living things
All cells come from existing cells

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2
Q

What do all cells have?

A

DNA
cytoplasm
Organelles
Cell membrane

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3
Q

What is a cell membrane

A

Covering for cells surface; acts as barrier between the cells inside and its environment. It acts like the cells skin, allowing only certain things in or out

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4
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A rigid structure that surrounds a cell membrane in plant cells to provide support for the cell

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5
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

The fluid inside a cell. “Jelly for the celly”

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6
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Contains the cells DNA and plays a role in growth ,metabolism, and reproduction. It acts like the cells brain

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7
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

The site of protein synthesis. It acts like a protein factory

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8
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

It is a system of membranes surrounding the nucleus that assist in the production of, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids. It can be smooth or rough. It acts like a protein and fat factory and transport system.

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9
Q

What are vesicles? (Think vehicles)

A

A membrane sac that surrounds material being moved in, within, or out of a cell. It acts like a taxi

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10
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

The site of cellular respiration, breaking down sugar to release energy stored as ATP. They act as the battery of the cell.

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11
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

Where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells. It acts as a sugar factory.

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12
Q

What is the Golgi complex?

A

It helps modify proteins and lipids, package these materials, and transport them out of the cell. It acts as the fed ex for the cell

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13
Q

What is a lysosomes?

A

It contains digestive enzymes and helps to get rid of old or broken parts of the cell. It acts as a clean up crew

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14
Q

What is a vacuole?

A

It stores water and other liquids while some have digestive enzymes. Is acts as a storage system

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15
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes-No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotes-have a nucleus, have membrane-bound organelles

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16
Q

What are the three advantages to being multicellular

A

Larger size
Longer life
Specialization of cells

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17
Q

In living organisms, what does structure mean

A

The shape of the organism

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18
Q

In living organisms, what does function mean

A

What a structure helps a organism do

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19
Q

What is diffusion

A

The movement of particles from regions of higher density to areas of lower desity

20
Q

What is osmosis

A

The movement of water through a membrane

21
Q

What is active transport

A

The movement of substances through a cell membrane with the use of energy

22
Q

What is exocytosis

A

The process by which a cell gets rid of large particles

23
Q

What is passive transport

A

The movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of energy.

24
Q

What is endocytosis

A

The process by which a cell membrane surrounds and enclose a large particle to bring it into the cell

25
Q

Why do cells need to transport materials across a cell membrane

A

So they can get food and remove waste

26
Q

What order does the cell cycle go in

A

Interphase, mitosis, cytokines

27
Q

Cells spend most of their lives in what stage of the cell cycle

A

Interphase

28
Q

What order do the phases of mitosis go in

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

29
Q

What is prophase?

A

The phase of mitosis where the nuclear membrane dissolves and the chromosomes condense

30
Q

What is metaphase

A

The pages of mitosis where the chromatids line up in the middle of the cell

31
Q

What is anaphase

A

The phase of mitosis where the spindle fibres pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell

32
Q

What is telophase

A

The phase of mitosis when the nuclear membrane begins to reform, and the cell is ready to become two cells

33
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis

A

Create new cells

34
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis

A

Create sex cells

35
Q

What is a gene

A

A instruction for an inherited trait

36
Q

What is an allele

A

Two forms of a gene, one for each parent

37
Q

What is true breeding

A

When all of the offspring have the same traits as the parent

38
Q

What is heterozygous

A

An organism with one dominant trait and one recessive trait

39
Q

What is a genotype

A

Genetic makeup formed from both inherited genes

40
Q

What so homozygous

A

An organism with both dominant genes or both recessive genes

41
Q

What is cross-pollinating

A

When one plant fertilises another

42
Q

What is a punter square

A

Used to predict possible offspring

43
Q

What is self-pollinating

A

A plant that can fertilise itself

44
Q

What is a phenotype

A

An organisms appearance; how genes are expressed

45
Q

What is the genotype ratio

A

Homozygous dominant:heterozygous:homozygous recessive

46
Q

What is a phenotype ratio

A

Dominant:recesive

47
Q

What is incomplete dominance

A

A trait that is not completely dominant over another

Science 2017-2018 (12 decks)

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