Semester A Unit 5 Flashcards
- How did Emperor Wendi, who established the Sui Dynasty, protect the newly unified China and increase trade between northern and southern China?
For protection, he ordered extensive repairs and improvements to the Great Wall of China. To increase trade, he ordered the construction of an inland waterway—the Grand Canal.
- Describe the changes to the Chinese Empire, in terms of size and geography, which occurred under the Tang Dynasty.
The size greatly expanded. China took control of much of central Asia, as well as Tibet and modern-day Afghanistan. China extended its influence into Korea.
- Under the Tang, China entered a _____—a time of harmony, stability, and achievement.
Under the Tang, China entered a GOLDEN AGE—a time of harmony, stability, and achievement.
- The Tang brought back the civil service examination system first used by the Han in an attempt to establish a meritocracy. Define meritocracy and describe two effects of this action.
Meritocracy is led by those who have achieved authority through their talents and efforts rather than by birth into a wealthy or powerful family. Helped conserve the traditional values of Confucianism and allowed talented and industrious members of the lower classes to rise in Chinese society
- China prospered under the Song Dynasty, which followed the Tang Dynasty. Complete the following to explain why.
Agriculture
Song emperors encouraged it and allowed farmers to pay taxes with money. Farmers then had money left over to buy products.
- China prospered under the Song Dynasty, which followed the Tang Dynasty. Complete the following to explain why.
Trade
The Song government encouraged merchants to trade with foreign countries.
The Song government also exported finished goods and imported raw materials.
- Chinese society changed under the Song, partially as a result of the new prosperity. Changes included:
The size of the gentry–the _____ upper class–grew.
The size of the gentry–the LANDOWNING upper class–grew.
- Chinese society changed under the Song, partially as a result of the new prosperity. Changes included
_____ values were emphasized again.
CONFUCIAN values were emphasized again.
- Chinese society changed under the Song, partially as a result of the new prosperity. Changes included
Many _____ lived comfortable lives.
Many MERCHANTS lived comfortable lives.
- Chinese society changed under the Song, partially as a result of the new prosperity. Changes included
_____ _____ benefitted from the new prosperity.
PEASANT FARMERS benefitted from the new prosperity.
- Chinese society changed under the Song, partially as a result of the new prosperity. Changes included
More _____ learned to read.
More WOMEN learned to read.
- In the first column, write the name of the poet from the Tang Dynasty described in the second column:
Challenged traditional Confucian morality
Li Bai
- In the first column, write the name of the poet from the Tang Dynasty described in the second column:
Focused on the problems of society
Du Fu
- What did the artists of the Song Dynasty focus on?
Nature
- Complete the following chart to identify innovations achieved under the Tang and Song dynasties.
hard and durable earthenware; came to be called china
Porcelain
- Complete the following chart to identify innovations achieved under the Tang and Song dynasties.
time-keeping machine that used water as power
Mechanical Clock
- Complete the following chart to identify innovations achieved under the Tang and Song dynasties.
explosive powder originally used to make fireworks; adapted for warfare
Gunpowder
- Complete the following chart to identify innovations achieved under the Tang and Song dynasties.
allowed printed books to be made quickly
Movable Type
- Complete the following chart to identify innovations achieved under the Tang and Song dynasties.
stimulated the Chinese economy; eventually adopted around the world
Paper Money
- Complete the following chart to identify innovations achieved under the Tang and Song dynasties.
used by Chinese sailors; accelerated global commerce and exploration
Magnetic Compass
- What was the Silk Road?
A vast network of trade route that stretched across Central Asia
- List some of the dangers travelers on the Silk Road faced.
Dangers include: sandstorms; attacks by bandits; searing heat; lack of water; avalanches.
- Besides material goods, what else was carried along the Silk Road?
Inventions and ideas
- Complete the following to describe Mongolia’s climate, terrain, and way of life.
CLIMATE
Rainfalls are rare, and winters are bitterly cold.
- Complete the following to describe Mongolia’s climate, terrain, and way of life.
TERRAIN
Gobi desert and steppes
- Complete the following to describe Mongolia’s climate, terrain, and way of life.
CULTURE
Lived nomadic lives as herders
Carried their dwellings (yurts) with them
Fought among themselves
Superb warriors
- Briefly explain how the Mongols, under Genghis Khan, were able to establish and enlarge their empire in such a relatively short period of time.
They were fierce warriors who could shoot arrows at full gallop from their horses. They were also skilled tacticians who quickly adopted new military technologies from their neighbors. They used terror as an effective weapon in conquering new cities.
- By 1279, the Mongol empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean to eastern Europe. Who was the ruler at this time?
Kublai Khan
- Read each statement regarding the Mongol Empire under Kublai Khan’s reign. If it is true, write “T” on the line. If it is false, write “F” on the line and turn it into a true statement.
The Mongols allowed people they conquered to serve in their armies and government.
The Mongols restricted trade across their empire.
The Mongold often adopted local customs and religions.
Islam was banned in the western part of the Mongol Empire.
T
T
T
F
- What dynasty did Kublai Khan establish in China in 1279?
Yuan Dynasty
- Who visited the court of Kublai Khan and later wrote a book describing his travels?
Marco Polo
- How was the decline of the Mongol empire similar to the decline of other dynasties and empires?
Regional warlords took advantage of growing political and social instability to increase their power.
- As Mongol leaders expanded their empire, tens of millions of people died. It is also thought that Mongol armies carried the _____ _____ westward. Other legacies of the Mongol Empire show the cultural diffusion that occurred:
Millions of people _____.
Introduction of _____ into central Asia
Increased _____ and _____ between East and West
As Mongol leaders expanded their empire, tens of millions of people died. It is also thought that Mongol armies carried the BUBONIC PLAGUE westward. Other legacies of the Mongol Empire show the cultural diffusion that occurred:
Millions of people MIGRATED.
Introduction of ISLAM into central Asia
Increased TRADE and COMMUNICATION between East and West
- What has Japan suffered from as a result of its location on the Circum-Pacific Belt?
Earthquakes and tsunamis
- What effect did Japan’s mountainous terrain have on its economic and cultural development?
People had to turn to the sea and fishing
- What advantage did the Japanese enjoy as a result of being an island nation?
Protection from invasions
- Geographically, how did Chinese ideas and goods spread to Japan?
Through Korea
- Complete the following to show China’s influence on Japan.
Korean missionaries brought _____.
Korean missionaries brought BUDDHISM.
- Complete the following to show China’s influence on Japan.
Japan adopted the Chinese _____.
Japan adopted the Chinese WRITING SYSTEM.
- Complete the following to show China’s influence on Japan.
Japanese capital modeled on _____.
Japanese capital modeled on CHANG’AN.
- What did one ruler of the early seventh century do to build strong relations with China?
sent large groups of scholars, artists, and officials to the Chinese capital
- Briefly describe the following elements of Japan’s culture during the Heian period.
Houses of the aristocracy
Large houses surrounded by gardens
- Briefly describe the following elements of Japan’s culture during the Heian period.
Clothing of the aristocracy
Expensive robes scented with incense
- Briefly describe the following elements of Japan’s culture during the Heian period.
Pursuits of the aristocracy
Poetry, music, dancing, and archery