Semester A Unit 3 Essential Questions Flashcards
How did the geography of Greece influence the development of independent city-states?
Because only the valleys between mountains were good for farming; and the mountains surrounding the valleys walled people off from other peoples
What elements of shared culture and values bound together the diverse Greek city-states?
They were polytheists, and believed their gods to be immortal but human; they explained nature from gods;
They shared epics;
They shared the olympic games;
They shared a writing system
How did life in Sparta and Athens differ?
Sparta was mainly a military society, while Athens was
What are the main reasons for the rivalry between Sparta and Athens?
Why is Athens considered the birthplace of democracy?
Because democracy started there
What was the significance of the Persian Wars in Greek history?
Greeks preserved their independence
What are the major cultural and political achievements of the Golden Age of Athens under Pericles?
He sponsored building programs
He paid government official
He encouraged the arts
How did Greek democracy influence later Western political thought?
It became the government of many countries
What were the major causes and consequences of the Peloponnesian war?
Sparta and Athens interfered with each other’s allies
What qualities define classic works of Greek art and architecture?
They have harmony and balance and symmetry
Who were the great Greek playwrights of the classical age? What major themes did they explore?
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes
How did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle influence the course of thought in Western civilization?
Socrates question-asking method of teaching is used by many modern teacher; Plato was greatly influential to Western philosophy; and Aristotle’s study of logic and its rules set Western thought on a path toward scientific understanding, along with all his works that he did
What were major achievements of the ancient Greeks in science and mathematics?
Democritus theorized the world was made of atoms; Hippocrates discovered that disease was a natural phenomenon, and setting down ethical standards for physicians; Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth; and Pythagoras made the Pythagorean Theorem
How did Alexander the Great build an empire? What was his vision for the empire?
By force of arms; to have a big empire
What were the major cultural characteristics and achievements of the Hellenistic Age?
A time of great advancements and spreading of Greek culture; advancements in math and science, and in philosophy and art
What is a republic?
A government in which citizens elect their leaders
What were the key features of government in the early Roman Republic?
Separation of power
How did the Roman Republic evolve over time to become more representative?
Plebeians were allowed a part in the government
How did Rome expand and maintain control of its territory?
By conquering or forming alliances with other territories, and using citizen-soldiers; It organized conquered territories into provinces
As Rome undertook its Mediterranean conquests, how did its society and government change?
A widening gap between rich and poor led to unrest among the poor, and stuff
What crises threatened the Roman Republic after 100 B.C.?
Gap between rich and poor, poor unrest, slave riots, stuff
What role did Julius Caesar play in the end of the Roman Republic?
He became dictator for life, and his assassination led to Caesar Augustus becoming emperor
How did Rome become an empire under Caesar Augustus?
He became emperor
What was the Pax Romana?
A 200-year period of peace and prosperity for the Roman Empire
