Semester A Unit 4 Reading Guides Flashcards
1
Q
- What geographical feature dominates the northern third of the African continent?
A
Sahara Desert
2
Q
- What is the Sahel?
A
A band of dry, flat, scrubby grasslands
3
Q
- The savanna covers about _____ percent of Africa. Much of it consists of open, grassy _____ dotted by trees, but it also includes _____ and tropical _____.
A
The savanna covers about 40 percent of Africa. Much of it consists of open, grassy PLAINS dotted by trees, but it also includes MOUNTAINS and tropical SWAMPLANDS.
4
Q
- Why do most people in Africa live on the savanna?
A
The land and climate support agricultural production
5
Q
- Identify the following African rivers:
Longest river in the world
A
Nile
6
Q
- Identify the following African rivers:
Largest river in central Africa
A
Congo
7
Q
- Identify the following African rivers:
Main river in western Africa
A
Niger
8
Q
- How do we know that the first Africans were hunter-gatherers and herded sheep, goats, and cattle?
A
Archaeologists have found prehistoric paintings depicting it
9
Q
- North Africa’s _____ was originally much wetter and the region was covered with rivers, lakes, and _____. Over centuries, _____ became less, and the area eventually became a _____.
A
North Africa’s SAHARA was originally much wetter and the region was covered with rivers, lakes, and GRASSLANDS. Over centuries, RAIN became less, and the area eventually became a DESERT.
10
Q
- Complete the following to show how African people adapted to each of the following environments as they migrated.
RIVERS AND LAKES
They became expert _____.
A
They became expert FISHERMAN.
11
Q
- Complete the following to show how African people adapted to each of the following environments as they migrated.
RAIN FORESTS
They became _____.
A
They became HUNTER-GATHERERS.
12
Q
- Complete the following to show how African people adapted to each of the following environments as they migrated.
SAHEL / SAVANNA
They became _____.
A
They became FARMERS.
13
Q
- Early African villages were likely made up of members from one or more clans. What is a clan?
A
A group of families with shared ancestors
14
Q
- _____ is the idea that spiritual and supernatural forces act through all aspects of nature.
A
ANIMISM is the idea that spiritual and supernatural forces act through all aspects of nature.
15
Q
- Griots are people who pass on _____ from times long past. They tell myths, share proverbs, and offer commentary on current _____ to help people understand themselves and the world around them by conveying _____ and _____ from one generation to the next.
A
Griots are people who pass on STORIES from times long past. They tell myths, share proverbs, and offer commentary on current EVENTS to help people understand themselves and the world around them by conveying KNOWLEDGE and TRADITIONS from one generation to the next.
16
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
NOK
Where did they live?
A
Northeast of the Niger River in what is now Nigeria
17
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
NOK
What was the geography or climate like?
A
Near streams in grasslands where the Sahel meets the savanna
18
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
NOK
What were their main crops or food staple?
A
Sorgum
19
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
NOK
What type of houses or communities did they live in?
A
Villages with houses built of clay, straw, and mud brick
20
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
NOK
What important technological advances did they make?
A
Made weapons and tools of iron
21
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
DJENNÉ-DJENO
Where did they live?
A
Near Niger River in what is now the country of Mali
22
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
DJENNÉ-DJENO
What was the geography or climate like?
A
Fertile flood plain of the Niger
23
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
DJENNÉ-DJENO
What were their main crops or food staple?
A
Rice and herd animals
24
Q
- Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
DJENNÉ-DJENO
What type of houses or communities did they live in?
A
City of nearly 50,000 inhabitants
25
12. Fill in the chart with information about each culture.
DJENNÉ-DJENO
What important technological advances did they make?
Made iron weapons, pottery, jewelry and toys
26
2. Where did the Bantu-speaking people originally live, and where did their migrations take them?
Just south of the Sahara; south and east to much of Africa
27
3. In the chart below, define the terms and explain why they were key factors in pushing some groups of Bantu-speaking peoples to migrate.
Slash-and-burn agriculture
When you slash and burn plants to provide the soil with nutrients; the nutrients of the soil was depleted, so they had to move where the soil had more nutrients
28
3. In the chart below, define the terms and explain why they were key factors in pushing some groups of Bantu-speaking peoples to migrate.
Desertification
When deserts grow larger; they couldn't grow crops in the sand
29
4. What was one “pull” factor that played a role in the Bantu migrations?
The relatively fertile savannas of Africa
30
5. Why didn’t most migrants stay in the rain forests they encountered?
They are too dense and don't allow for large human populations
31
6. What was one advantage the Bantu-speaking people had over the nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers they displaced?
They had mastered the art of iron-making, allowing them to dominate the hunter-gatherers they displaced
32
7. On what civilization did Kush rulers model themselves?
Egypt
33
8. What trade route played a key role in Kush’s rise to power?
The Kush gained control over the Nile River trade that was once dominated by Egypt.
34
9. What kinds of goods were exported from Kush and Meroë?
Trade goods included timber, iron, gold, ivory, ebony, jewels, fragrances, and slaves
35
10. What brought about the downfall of the kingdom of Kush?
The Romans invaded Egypt, devastated Kushite territory, and carried thousands off to slavery, which greatly diminished Kush’s power
36
11. What spurred Aksum’s rise to power?
It was a busy hub on trade routes, and when Kush lost its power it took over Kush's trade routes, too
37
12. How did the influx of people from all over the world influence Aksum’s cultural makeup?
Aksum became an increasingly cosmopolitan kingdom; trade brought Jews, Buddhists, and Christians to the region
38
What are two unique Aksum achievements?
Aksum was the only ancient African kingdom that had a system of writing. Aksum was also the first sub-Saharan kingdom to mint its own coins.
39
14. What are stelae?
Giant stone monuments that marked the graves of rulers or commemorated important events
40
15. What brought about Aksum’s downfall?
In the eighth century, Arab and Persian traders took over the commerce flowing out of Africa. Aksum fell to Islamic invaders in 710, who destroyed the port city of Adulis
41
1. Where do archaeologists believe the earliest Americans came from and how did they get to America?
Asia; Beringia
42
2. What area does Mesoamerica encompass?
Much of Mexico and Central America
43
3. Explain why maize became the most important staple crop of Mesoamerica.
It grew in a variety of climates; it provided excellent nutrition; it could be harvested, dried, and storied in large amounts
44
Write the name of the civilization that is described (write unknown if it is an unknown civilization):
Carved colossal head from volcanic stone
The Olmec
45
Write the name of the civilization that is described (write unknown if it is an unknown civilization):
Built the city of Monte Alban
Zapotec
46
Write the name of the civilization that is described (write unknown if it is an unknown civilization):
Thought to be the oldest civilization in America
The Olmec
47
Write the name of the civilization that is described (write unknown if it is an unknown civilization):
Built the city of Teotihuacán
Unknown
48
Write the name of the civilization that is described (write unknown if it is an unknown civilization):
Invented a game that used a rubber ball
The Olmec
49
Write the name of the civilization that is described (write unknown if it is an unknown civilization):
Built a city in the center of the Oaxaca Valley
Zapotec
50
5. Where did the earliest civilizations in South America begin?
In the Andes Mountains
51
6. Describe a unique feature of the temple in the city of Chavin de Huantar.
The temple in the city had a system of canals built underneath it. When water rushed through the canals, the temple roared and vibrated, perhaps suggesting the presence of the gods to worshippers.
52
7. Describe a unique accomplishment by the Nazca culture.
The Nazca created an array of enormous shapes and patterns that can be seen only from above. Some have geometric designs; some have plant and animal shapes
53
8. Describe some of the accomplishments of the Moche culture.
They built a system of irrigation canals to channel water from the Andes into their fields, where they grew maize, beans, and other crops. They built flat-topped pyramids, some of which housed the tombs of kings. They painted on pottery, showing people working on the land, soldiers returning from battle, women weaving cloth, and more.
54
9. How did the Maya adapt to the many environments in their territory? What was the result?
They adapted their farming techniques to the different environments, using terraces on hills, adding soil to swamps, and using slash and burn in rainforests. The result was a surplus of food crops, especially maize, and their culture grew.
55
1. Why did Constantine choose Byzantium for his new capital? Include the economic and military importance of this location.
It was between the trade routes of Europe and Asia, and was next to water allowing for water travel; this also made it hard to invade
56
2. What was the hippodrome in Constantinople?
A stadium for chariot racing that also housed circuses and theaters
57
3. Why was the Mese important to Constantinople’s economy?
It was the world's busiest market
58
4. List some of the worldly goods that were traded in the shops in Constantinople.
China
Porcelain and silks
59
4. List some of the worldly goods that were traded in the shops in Constantinople.
India
spices and precious stones
60
4. List some of the worldly goods that were traded in the shops in Constantinople.
Arabia
cosmetics and perfumes
61
4. List some of the worldly goods that were traded in the shops in Constantinople.
Egypt
grain
62
4. List some of the worldly goods that were traded in the shops in Constantinople.
Russia
honey, fur, and hides
63
5. How did Justinian extend Byzantine power across the Mediterranean?
By conquering those lands
64
6. Describe some of Empress Theodora’s accomplishments.
She secured greater rights for Byzantine women in marriage; she had laws passed to protect divorced women and to prohibit the sale of young girls
65
7. What was the Nika Revolt and what was its outcome?
When people revolted against the emperor because of high taxes; Justinian suppressed it
66
8. What did Justinian do to rebuild Constantinople?
He expanded his palace complex; he constructed new aqueducts and public baths, and granaries, theaters, hospitals, and forums; and he restored old churches and built new ones
67
9. What is the Hagia Sophia? Describe some of its unique features according to the Byzantine historian Procopius.
The Hagia Sophia is a cathedral that dominated the skyline of Constantinople
68
10. What were Justinian’s reasons for issuing a new law code? What impact did this law code have on modern nations?
Many of the existing laws were inconsistent and confusing. Justinian believed that a single empire needed a single and consistent set of laws. He wanted all his subjects to obey the same laws, no matter where they lived. The laws should be easy to understand and should not contradict each other.
69
11. How did the plague help decrease the economic and political power in the Byzantine Empire?
It wiped out a lot of people
70
12. What other major events led to the fall of the Byzantine Empire?
Invasion of the empire
71
1. Christianity in the East began to branch apart from the West. Describe the differences between eastern Christianity and western Christianity by completing the following chart.
LANGUAGE
East
Greek
72
1. Christianity in the East began to branch apart from the West. Describe the differences between eastern Christianity and western Christianity by completing the following chart.
LANGUAGE
West
Latin
73
1. Christianity in the East began to branch apart from the West. Describe the differences between eastern Christianity and western Christianity by completing the following chart.
LITURGY
East
Holy Spirit comes from God
74
1. Christianity in the East began to branch apart from the West. Describe the differences between eastern Christianity and western Christianity by completing the following chart.
LITURGY
West
Holy Spirits come from both God and the Sons
75
1. Christianity in the East began to branch apart from the West. Describe the differences between eastern Christianity and western Christianity by completing the following chart.
SPIRITUAL LEADER
East
Patriarch in Constantinople
76
1. Christianity in the East began to branch apart from the West. Describe the differences between eastern Christianity and western Christianity by completing the following chart.
SPIRITUAL LEADER
West
Pope in Rome
77
2. What is iconoclasm?
Iconoclasm in the eighth century was the movement to ban the use of icons. Today, iconoclasm is the tearing down of traditional ideas or institutions.
78
3. How did the iconoclastic controversy play a role in the growing divide between the East and West?
The Roman pope condemned the iconoclast movement, and the Byzantine leaders saw that as a Roman attempt to interfere in matters internal to the Byzantine church.
79
4. The iconoclast controversy resulted in a serious division between eastern and western Christianity. What was another outcome of the iconoclast movement?
Another unfortunate outcome was the destruction of thousands of remarkable works of art dating back to the third century
80
In 1054, the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople ended up excommunicating each other. What exactly did this mean?
It meant that pope and the patriarch declared each other unfit to receive Christian communion, and cast each other out of the church—denying each other the possibility of salvation
81
6. What is the schism of 1054?
The Schism of 1054 was the division in Christianity
82
7. Who were Cyril and Methodius and what are they known for?
Cyril and Methodius were Greek brothers and monks who converted many Slavs to Orthodox Christianity. They helped invent an alphabet that could be used in Slavic languages.
83
8. Describe the Monastic movement by completing the following table.
What is it?
The renouncing of worldly activities, denying of bodily comforts, and devoting themselves to contemplation of God
84
8. Describe the Monastic movement by completing the following table.
Where did it begin?
Eastern Roman Empire
85
8. Describe the Monastic movement by completing the following table.
What were the followers called?
Monks and Nuns
86
8. Describe the Monastic movement by completing the following table.
Where did the followers live?
In monasteries and convents
87
8. Describe the Monastic movement by completing the following table.
What were some of the followers' tasks?
They educated young people, ran hospitals, provided travelers’ aid, and distributed charity. They also did missionary work.
88
8. Describe the Monastic movement by completing the following table.
What was its impact on the Byzantine culture?
Orthodox monks helped spread Byzantine influence. Orthodox missionaries made many converts among the Slavs.
89
1. Today, Russia is the largest country in the world. Why was it so sparsely populated before the ninth century?
Summers were short, and winters were long and dark. Growing crops was difficult because farmers had to clear trees before they could plow. The thick forests hampered land travel, and slow-moving rivers discouraged water travel.
90
2. What is the main source that details the history of early eastern Slavic clans?
Russian Primary Chronicle
91
3. Who were the Varangarians? What role did they play in the settlement of Russia?
Seafaring warriors from Scandinavia; Eventually they blended with their subjects, and a new group emerged—the Russians
92
4. How did the Russians make their living since the land was so ill-suited for farming?
Russians made their living mainly from commerce. They traded anything they could hunt, trap, fish, or gather
93
5. Why was the town of Novgorod on the upper Volga River an important location? Why was Kiev chosen as the capital instead of Novgorod?
The town of Novgorod linked north European commerce to markets in China, but it made a poor base for trade with the Byzantines. From Kiev, ships had access to the Mediterranean trade network and all the goods available in Constantinople.
94
6. Why did Vladimir decide on a new religion for his people and what religion did he choose?
To unify them; Orthodox Christianity
95
7. Vladimir’s son Yaroslav led Kiev to its greatest period of glory. What were some of his accomplishments?
He built the city into a trading center that drew merchants from places as far as China. He forged new political ties by having his daughters marry into the royal families of western Europe.
He built new churches with the Byzantine-style architecture and art. He founded the first Russian school.
He built the region’s first library and filled it with Slavic translations of Greek and Latin text.
He also had scholars draft the first Russian law code, “Russian Truth.”
96
8. Describe the following:
Mongols
Nomadic people who came out of Mongolia
97
8. Describe the following:
Genghis Khan
Mongolian chieftain who led the Mongols on a campaign of plunder and conquest
98
8. Describe the following:
Tatars
Mongols who charged into Russia, destroying entire towns in their path.
99
8. Describe the following:
Hordes
Military divisions established by the Mongols
100
9. Who was Ivan the Great and what was his goal for Russia?
Ivan III; to rule all of it
101
10. How did Ivan the Great win the support of the Russian Orthodox Church?
He encouraged his people to believe that Moscow had replaced Rome and Constantinople as the new center of Christianity. He assumed the traditional title of Roman emperors—he called himself the tsar of all Russia. Ivan adopted the double-headed eagle, a symbol of Byzantine power, as his own emblem. He also married a Byzantine princess.
102
11. What did Ivan the Great do to Moscow?
Ivan made Moscow the center of both the Russian church and state. He made it a mighty fortress, a center of learning, and a symbol of Russia’s new power.
103
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
Geography
Meeting points of 3 continents:
Africa, Asia, Europe
104
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
Geography
Surrounded by 3 bodies water:
Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf
105
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
Geography
Predominant landform:
Desert with oases
106
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
People
Inhabited since ancient times by:
Bedouin
107
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
People
Earned money as:
Traders
108
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
People
Organized into:
Families, clans, and tribes
109
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
Relations between tribes:
Fought constantly
110
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
Mecca and Religion
Location:
Red Sea coast
111
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
Mecca and Religion
Religion of most Arabs:
polytheistic
112
1. Complete the following to provide some geographic background on the birthplace of Islam.
THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
Mecca and Religion
Became an international center of:
Trade and piligrimage
113
2. What did Muhammad do for a living as a young man?
He led caravans and managed a trading business
114
3. Complete the following timeline to describe important milestones in Muhammad’s life:
Muhammad escapes to Yathrib (which becomes known as _____) and becomes its leader
Muhammad escapes to Yathrib (which becomes known as MEDINA) and becomes its leader
115
3. Complete the following timeline to describe important milestones in Muhammad’s life:
Muhammad begins preaching about _____ and urging Meccans to start practicing justice, charity, and peace.
Muhammad begins preaching about ALLAH and urging Meccans to start practicing justice, charity, and peace.
116
3. Complete the following timeline to describe important milestones in Muhammad’s life:
Muhammad returns and captures _____ proclaiming it the holiest city in Islam
Muhammad returns and captures MECCA proclaiming it the holiest city in Islam
117
3. Complete the following timeline to describe important milestones in Muhammad’s life:
According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad hear a message from _____ while meditating in a cave.
According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad hear a message from Gabriel while meditating in a cave.
118
4. Muhammad’s followers collected his words and teachings over the years into a single book. What is the name of this book?
Qur'an
119
Judaism, _____ and Islam are all _____ religions. The Qur’an says that _____ is the same God that _____ and Christians worship. Muslims see Judaism and Christianity as religions that came before, and led to, _____ Muslims consider Muhammad the last _____ in a line that includes figures from the Jewish and Christian traditions, such as _____ and Jesus. _____ are taught to respect Jews and Christians as people who share the tradition of God’s revelation to the prophets.
Judaism, CHRISTIANITY and Islam are all MONOTHEISTIC religions. The Qur’an says that ALLAH is the same God that JEWS and Christians worship. Muslims see Judaism and Christianity as religions that came before, and led to, ISLAM Muslims consider Muhammad the last PROPHET in a line that includes figures from the Jewish and Christian traditions, such as MOSES and Jesus. MUSLIMS are taught to respect Jews and Christians as people who share the tradition of God’s revelation to the prophets.
120
6. Muhammad identified five religious duties for Muslims to observe. These are known as the Five Pillars of Islam. Briefly summarize the duty each Muslim has for each of the five pillars.
Shahadah (The profession of faith)
Muslims must proclaim their faith in Allah and Muhammad's mission
121
6. Muhammad identified five religious duties for Muslims to observe. These are known as the Five Pillars of Islam. Briefly summarize the duty each Muslim has for each of the five pillars.
Salat (Prayer)
Must wash themselves and pray five times a day, facing Mecca
122
6. Muhammad identified five religious duties for Muslims to observe. These are known as the Five Pillars of Islam. Briefly summarize the duty each Muslim has for each of the five pillars.
Zakat (Giving alms)
Must give some of their wealth to those in need
123
6. Muhammad identified five religious duties for Muslims to observe. These are known as the Five Pillars of Islam. Briefly summarize the duty each Muslim has for each of the five pillars.
Sawm (Fasting)
Must not eat, drink, or smoke during daylight hours during the month of Ramadan
124
6. Muhammad identified five religious duties for Muslims to observe. These are known as the Five Pillars of Islam. Briefly summarize the duty each Muslim has for each of the five pillars.
Hajj (The pilgrimage to Mecca)
If possible, travel to Mecca and perform certain rituals
125
7. Match each term or place name on the left with its correct definition or description on the right.
1. Hajj (a) Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Yathrib
2. Ka’bah (b) the month when Muslims fast
3. Medina (c) the city to which Muhammad fled after leaving Mecca
4. imam (d) the pilgrimage every Muslim is expected to make
5. Ramadan (e) an Islamic place of worship
6. Mecca (f) Islamic religious law that governs all aspects of Muslim life
7. Sharia (g) a cube-shaped shrine dedicated to Allah
8. mosque (h) an Islamic religious leader
9. Hijrah (i) the holiest city in Islam
Hajj - D
Ka'bah - G
Medina - C
imam - H
Ramadan - B
Mecca - I
Sharia - F
mosque - E
Hijrah - A
126
1. Who was chosen as the new leader of Islam after Muhammad’s death and what title did he assume?
Abu Bakr; caliph
127
2. In the decades following Muhammad’s death, the state which he had helped create divided. Complete the following to explain why Islam divided after Muhammad’s death.
SHIA
Short for Shia Ali, which means:
The party of Ali
128
2. In the decades following Muhammad’s death, the state which he had helped create divided. Complete the following to explain why Islam divided after Muhammad’s death.
SHIA
Often referred to as:
Shi'ites
129
2. In the decades following Muhammad’s death, the state which he had helped create divided. Complete the following to explain why Islam divided after Muhammad’s death.
SHIA
Believed the caliph should always be someone from:
Muhammad's family
130
2. In the decades following Muhammad’s death, the state which he had helped create divided. Complete the following to explain why Islam divided after Muhammad’s death.
SUNNI
From the Arabic word for:
Example
131
2. In the decades following Muhammad’s death, the state which he had helped create divided. Complete the following to explain why Islam divided after Muhammad’s death.
SUNNI
Followers of:
Abu Bakr
132
2. In the decades following Muhammad’s death, the state which he had helped create divided. Complete the following to explain why Islam divided after Muhammad’s death.
SUNNI
Believed the caliph should be:
The most capable Muslim
133
2. In the decades following Muhammad’s death, the state which he had helped create divided. Complete the following to explain why Islam divided after Muhammad’s death.
SUNNI
Believed the caliph should rule according to what:
The Qur'an
134
3. How did the Umayyad Dynasty’s system of passing power from one leader to the next differ from the system used during the era of the “rightly guided ones”?
During the Umayyad Dynasty, authority was passed from father to son. During the previous era, the caliphs were chosen by the community
135
4. What is the legacy of the split of Islam into Sunni and Shia?
The split persists to this day, and has sometimes caused bitter struggles within Islam.
136
5. Briefly describe the makeup of the Muslim population today, including that of Iraq.
About 90 percent of Muslims today are Sunni. A majority of the world’s Shia population lives in Iraq and Iran
137
7. Why did Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Dynasty, grow and prosper?
It was located on the Tigris River, which could be reached by ships sailing in the Indian Ocean. Baghdad was also situated on caravan routes running east and west, from the Mediterranean coast and Asia Minor to India, China, and central Asia
138
8. With which two groups of people did Arabs share power under the Abbasid Dynasty?
Persians and Turks
139
9. Under Abbasid rule, the Islamic Empire grew very _____. Scholarship and _____ thrived. Muslims studied great _____ of the past. They also developed new _____ and explored the _____ world.
Under Abbasid rule, the Islamic Empire grew very PROSPEROUS. Scholarship and LEARNING thrived. Muslims studied great BOOKS of the past. They also developed new PHILOSOPHIES and explored the NATURAL world.
140
10. In what present-day country did an Umayyad prince take control of an independent Muslim state and establish the Umayyad Caliphate?
Spain
141
11. What is the name of the palace complex that Muslims built in Granada, Spain?
Alhambra
142
12. Complete the following to trace the decline and fall of the Abbasid caliphate:
In 809, a caliph's _____ fight for power, damaging Baghdad.
In 809, a caliph's SONS fight for power, damaging Baghdad.
143
12. Complete the following to trace the decline and fall of the Abbasid caliphate:
The _____ Caliphate in North Africa challenges Abbasid rule.
The FATIMID Caliphate in North Africa challenges Abbasid rule.
144
12. Complete the following to trace the decline and fall of the Abbasid caliphate:
The _____ Turks take control of Baghdad.
The SELJUK Turks take control of Baghdad.
145
12. Complete the following to trace the decline and fall of the Abbasid caliphate:
_____ invade Islamic territory and sack Baghdad.
MONGOLS invade Islamic territory and sack Baghdad.
146
1. What did the Sharia have to say about family life?
It commanded that the young honor the old, children obey parents, and parents care for their children. Men could have several wives, and wives were expected to obey their husbands.
147
2. What was life like for Muslim women?
Women were expected to obey their husbands. They had some rights to own and control their own property, and some limited ability to seek divorce. Women’s public and private lives were separate. Women could not show their faces to strangers, so most wore veils
148
4. Why were merchants highly respected?
Because Muhammad had been a merchant
149
Muslims spread _____ and absorbed the _____ of Greek, Chinese, and Indian thought.
Muslims spread ISLAM and absorbed the LEGACIES of Greek, Chinese, and Indian thought.
150
People _____ news, stories, gossip, and ideas; this fueled the _____ of _____ and ideas.
People EXCHANGED news, stories, gossip, and ideas; this fueled the DIFFUSION of CULTURE and ideas.
151
6. Fill in the blanks to describe the various parts of a Muslim city of the tenth century.
Each city had at least one major _____.
A city’s major Mosque was usually set in the midst of a spacious public _____.
Private homes lined narrow streets that snaked between high _____.
Neighborhoods clustered around _____ that served as places for worship, schools, meeting centers, and housing for travelers.
The areas in every city that were set aside for merchants to buy and sell goods were called _____.
Each city had at least one major *MOSQUE*.
A city’s major Mosque was usually set in the midst of a spacious public *SQUARE*.
Private homes lined narrow streets that snaked between high *WALLS*.
Neighborhoods clustered around *MOSQUES* that served as places for worship, schools, meeting centers, and housing for travelers.
The areas in every city that were set aside for merchants to buy and sell goods were called *BAZAARS*.
152
7. Was scholarship and learning valued in the Muslim Empire? Support your answer with a fact or two from the book.
Yas
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8. Give two examples of how Muslim scholars preserved ancient Greek and Roman learning.
They built a massive library and research center in Baghdad called the House of Wisdom. In Toledo, Spain, ancient Greek works were translated into Arabic and from Arabic into Latin.
