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Copy - Chemistry 0930 > Semester 2 exam review > Flashcards

Semester 2 exam review Flashcards

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1
Q

an acid that does not contain oxygen, such as hydrofuoric acid
has 2 elements

A

binary acid

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2
Q

an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal

A

oxyacid

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3
Q

a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system

A

entropy

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4
Q

the amount of energy released or absorbed as heat by a system during a process at constant pressure

A

enthalpy change

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5
Q

energy released

A

exothermic

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6
Q

energy absorbed

A

endothermic

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7
Q

a bubbling of a liquid caused by the rapid escape of a gas rather than by boiling

escape of a gas from the liquid in which it is dissolved in

A

effervescence

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8
Q

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid

A

henry’s law

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9
Q

a solution that can not dissolve any more solute

A

saturated solution

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10
Q

a solution that is able to dissolve more solute

A

unsaturated solution

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11
Q

make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it.

A

dilute

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12
Q

the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a solution or mixture

A

concentration

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13
Q

describes two or more liquids that can dissolve into each other in various proportions

A

miscible

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14
Q

describes two or more liquids that do not mix with each other

A

immiscible

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15
Q

factors that affect rate of dissolving

A

stirring, shaking, grinding for more surface area, and increasing the temperature

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16
Q

charge goes up

loss of electrons

A

oxidation

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17
Q

charge goes down

gain of electrons

A

reduction

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18
Q

geometric formula for alkanes

A

CnH(2n+2)

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19
Q

geometric formula for alkyl groups

A

CnH(2n+1)

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20
Q

geometric formula for alkenes (double bonds)

A

CnH2n

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21
Q

geometric formula for alkynes (triple bonds)

A

CnH(2n-2)

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22
Q

methane

A

CH4

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23
Q

the binding of an element to itself to form chains or rings

A

catenation

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24
Q

all ______ are saturated

A

alkanes

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25
Q

a reaction in which an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule
increases the saturation of the molecule

A

addition reaction

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26
Q

reaction in which one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule

A

substitution reaction

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27
Q

reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine

A

condensation reaction

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28
Q

reaction in which a simple molecule, such as water or ammonia, is formed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule

A

elimination reaction

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29
Q

a simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer

A

monomer

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30
Q

a large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units

A

polymer

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31
Q

the number of electrons that must be added to or removed from an atom in a combined state to convert the atom into the elemental form

A

oxidation number

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32
Q

saturated compounds have more

A

hydrogen

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33
Q

all organic compounds contain

A

carbon

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34
Q

alkenes and alkynes are

A

unsaturated

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35
Q

R-O-R’

A

ether

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36
Q

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called

A

isomers

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37
Q

a base is described as a substance that increases the concentration of OH- in aqueous solution by

A

Arrhenius

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38
Q

the gas released when an acid reacts with a metal is

A

hydrogen

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39
Q

acid found in vinegar

A

acetic

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40
Q

in the presence of an acid, phenoplthalein ____

A

stays clear

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41
Q

according to bronsted-lowry, an acid is a molecule or ion

A

that is a proton donor

42
Q

any species that can react as either an acid or a base is described as

A

amphoteric

43
Q

products formed from a neutralization reaction

A

salt and water

44
Q

example of a triprotic acid

A

H3PO4

45
Q

acid that has tree ionizable protons per molecule

A

triprotic acid

46
Q

malic acid is found in

A

apples

47
Q

the most commonly used industrial aci

A

sulfuric acid

48
Q

acids taste

A

ssour

49
Q

a substance that ionizes nearly completely in aqueous solutions, producing H30+ is a

A

strong acid

50
Q

a solution that contains OH- from a soluble base is

A

alkaline

51
Q

HNO2

A

nitrous acid

52
Q

HCL

A

hydrochloric acid

53
Q

H2CO3

A

carbonic acid

54
Q

H3PO4

A

phosphoric acid

55
Q

nitric acid

A

HNO3

56
Q

acetic acid

A

CH3COOH

57
Q

chloric acid

A

HClO3

58
Q

sulfuric

A

H2SO4

59
Q

strong acids have a _____ bond energy

A

weak

60
Q

weak acids have a ____ bond energy

A

strong

61
Q

partially ionized in water so they do not produce much ions is a

A

weak acid

62
Q

bases cause red litmus to turn

A

blue

63
Q

an ion, atom, or molecule that is an electron pair acceptor

A

lewis acid

64
Q

an acid that can donate two protons per molecule is a

A

diprotic acid

65
Q

consists of anions and cations

A

salt

66
Q

an acid that can donate only one proton to a base

A

monoprotic acid

67
Q

melting

A

fusion

68
Q

opposing changes occurring at equal rates in a closed system

A

equilibrium

69
Q

readily evaporated

A

volatile

70
Q

a change directly from a gas to a solid

A

deposition

71
Q

the pressure of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature at constant volume

A

gay-lussac’s law

72
Q

the volume of a fixed gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature

A

boyle’s law

73
Q

the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature is expressed by this law

A

combined law

74
Q

the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature at constant temperature

A

charles’ law

75
Q

the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of their partial pressures

A

dalton’s law

76
Q

henry’s law relates

A

pressure to gas- liquid solubility

77
Q

the tyndall effect is produced by

A

colloids

78
Q

as temperature increases, the solubility of gases in liquids

A

decrease

79
Q

a solution is a _____- mixture

A

homogeneous

80
Q

you can use the tyndall effect on

A

colloids

81
Q

shining a light through a colloid produces the

A

tyndall effect

82
Q

the dissolved substance is a solution is called the

A

solute

83
Q

example of a colloid

A

fog

84
Q

the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves

A

dissociation

85
Q

ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution both before and after the reaction

A

spectator ion

86
Q

ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in a process called

A

ionization

87
Q

substances that yield ions and conduct an electric current in solution

A

electrolytes

88
Q

the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from the side of lower solute concentration to the side of higher concentration

A

osmosis

89
Q

an insoluble solid formed when two solutions of ionic compounds are mixed together

A

precipitate

90
Q

the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 degree

A

specific heat

91
Q

the SI unit of heat energy

A

joule

92
Q

the combined enthalpy-entropy function

A

free energy

93
Q

in a gibbs free energy problem

a negative equation means the reaction is

A

spontaneous

94
Q

a number that relates the concentrations of starting materials and products of a reversible chemical reaction to one another at a given temepratre

A

equilibrium constant

95
Q

bases make phenolphthalein turn

A

hot pink

96
Q

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

A

diffusion

97
Q

the separating of a molecule into simpler molecules, atoms, radicals, or ions

A

dissociation

98
Q

a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly

A

catalyst

99
Q

the amount of energy as heat required to evaporate 1 mol of a liquid at constant pressure and temperature

A

molar enthalpy of vaporization

100
Q

the amount of energy as heat required to change 1 mol of a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature and pressure

A

molar enthalpy of fusion

Copy - Chemistry 0930 (61 decks)

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