chapter 5 section 3 Flashcards
an electron that is in the highest energy level of an atom and determines the atom’s chemical properties is called
valence electrons
what can be removed from an atom if ionization energy is supplied
an electron
across a period in the periodic table, ionization energy generally
increases
as you down a group and add energy shells, the ionization energy
decreases
the atomic radius of an atom that is chemically bonded to an identical atom is equal to
half the distance between the nuclei
one half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together
atomic radius
atomic radius _____ across a period
decreases
why does the atomic radius decrease across a period
as electrons add to the s and p sub level in the same energy level, they are gradually pulled closer to the nucleus thus decreasing the atomic radius
the atomic radius _____ down a group
increases
process for ionization energy
A + energy = A(+) + e(-)
A=atom of any element
an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge
ion
any process that results in the formation of an ion is referred to as
ionization
the energy required to remove on electron from a neutral atom of an element is the
ionization energy
ionization energy of the main group elements ______ across a period
increase
what causes ionization energy to increase across a period
increasing nuclear charge, which strongly attracts electrons.
ionization energy generally ______ down the groups
decreases
what causes ionization energy to decrease down a group
atomic number increases going down a group, more electrons lie between the nucleus and the electrons in the highest energy level.
the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom is called the atom’s
electron affinity
which group gains electrons most readily
group 17
electron affinity ______ down a group
decreases
electron affinity ______ across a period in main group elements
increases
a positive ion is known as a
cation
a negative ion is known as a
anion
a cation can ____ atomic radius
decrease
an anion can ____ atomic radius
increase
measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound
electronegativity
electronegativity tends to ____ across a period
increase
electronegativity tends to _____ down a group or _____
decrease
remain the same
