chapter 22 Flashcards
hydrocarbons that contain double bonds are referred to as
alkenes
hydrocarbons that contain triple bonds are referred to as
alkynes
alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons are all considered to be
unsaturated
what does unsaturated mean
doesn’t have many hydrogens
alkenes and alkynes do not dissolve in water and are
nonpolar
the electron configuration of carbon in its ground state is
1s^2 2s^2 2p^2
how many covalent bonds can a carbon atom ordinarily form
4
carbon atoms form bonds readily with atoms of
both other elements and carbon
what is used in making cold creams, lipsticks, and body lotions
glycerol
large molecules made of many small units joined to each other in organic reactions are
polymers
the covalent binding of an element to itself to form chins or rings is
catenation
a saturated organic compound
contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms
an atom or molecule is added to an unsaturated molecule, increasing the saturation of the molecule
addition
a simple molecule is removed from adjacent carbon atoms of a larger molecule
elimination
one or more atoms replace another atom or group of atoms in a molecule
substitution
two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine
condensation
what are cycloalkanes
alkanes in which the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring or cyclic structure
how is the trend in alkane boiling points used in petroleum fractional distillation
alkanes with higher boiling points have higher condensation temperatures.
as the vapor rises in a fractionating column, it is cooled.
it is then separated into layers according to the different boiling points.
uses for ethyne
fuel for torches
two uses for ethene
used in petrol
fruit ripening
flowering plants
