chapter 6 review

Question 1

the charge on an ion is

Answer 1

either positive or negative

Question 2

if a compound forms by ionic bonding, what is true

Answer 2

a positively charged atom or group of atoms attracts a negatively charged atom or group of atoms.
the net charge of the compound is zero.
several ions group together in a tightly packed structure.

Question 3

properties of ionic compounds

Answer 3

crystal structure, high melting point, hardness, brittleness

Question 4

the crystal structure of an ionic compound depends on the

Answer 4

sizes of the cations and anions

ratio of cations to anions

Question 5

the melting points of ionic compounds are higher than the melting points of molecular compounds because

Answer 5

attractive forces between ions are greater than the attractive forces between molecules

Question 6

a covalent bond is formed when two atoms

Answer 6

share one or more pairs of electrons with one another.

Question 7

two atoms will likely for a polar covalent bond if the electronegativity difference is

Answer 7

1.0

Question 8

bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be represented adequately by a single Lewis structure is represented by

Answer 8

resonance structures

Question 9

as the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms decreases, the bond becomes more

Answer 9

covalent

Question 10

the boiling point of water is higher than the boiling hydrogen sulfide because water molecules are

Answer 10

more polar and form hydrogen bonds

Question 11

as atoms bond with each other they

Answer 11

decrease their potential energy, thus creating more stable arrangements of matter

Question 12

which type of bonding is characterized by overlapping orbitals that allow outer electrons of atoms to move freely throughout the entire lattice

Answer 12

metallic

Question 13

an ionic bond results from electrical attraction between

Answer 13

cations and anions

Question 14

a non polar covalent bond is unlikely when two atoms of different elements join because the atoms are likely to differ in

Answer 14

electronegativity

Question 15

bond length is the distance between two bonded atoms at

Answer 15

their minimum potential energy

Question 16

to draw a lewis structure, it is necessary to know

Answer 16

which atoms are in the molecule
the number of valence electrons of each atom
the number of atoms in the molecule

Question 17

for multiple covalent bonds to form in molecules, the molecules must contain carbon, nitrogen, or

Answer 17

oxygen

Question 18

lattice energy is the indication of the

Answer 18

strength of an ionic bond

Question 19

a molecule containing two atoms is called a

Answer 19

diatomic molecule

Question 20

a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds is called a

Answer 20

molecule

Question 21

a charged group of covalently bonded atoms is called a

Answer 21

polyatomic ion

Question 22

the simplest collection of atoms from which the formula of an ionic compound can be established is called a

Answer 22

formula unit

Question 23

the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms is

Answer 23

bond energy

Question 24

a chemical bond that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons is called

Answer 24

metallic bond

Question 25

explain the intermolecular force that contributes to the high boiling point of water

Answer 25

strong dipole forces cause a strong attraction between a hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the unshared electron pair of an adjacent molecule

Question 26

what is meant by sp^3 hybridization

Answer 26

1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals that combine to form 4 hybridized orbitals of equal energy

Question 27

compare and contrast ionic bonding and covalent bonding

Answer 27

ionic bonding is the electrical attraction between cations and anions
covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

Question 28

why do most atoms form covalent bonds

Answer 28

nature favors arrangements that lower potential energy

Question 29

explain why most metals are malleable and ductile but ionic crystals are not

Answer 29

in metals, one plane of atoms can easily slide past one another without breaking bonds
in ionic crystals, shifting causes build up of forces the can make the layers come apart.

Question 30

explain why some molecules are best represented by resonance structures and to what degree do these structures indicate the actual structure of the molecule

Answer 30

a single lewis structure could not represent some molecules.

Question 31

a polyatomic ion must have what

Answer 31

a charge and more than two atoms