chapter 5 review Flashcards
mendeleev organized the chemical elements based on their
properties
a horizontal row on the periodic table is called a
period
the periodic law states that
the physical and chemical properties of the elements are function of their atomic number
the electron configurations of main group elements end in
s and p orbitals
alkali metals are found where
group 1
a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound is called
electronegativity
what group has full outer energy level when they are in the ground state
noble gases
as electrons add to the s and p sub levels in the same main energy level, they are pulled closer to the more highly charged nucleus, causing
atomic radii to decrease in size
what group has the lowest attraction for electrons in a compound
group 1
wihch ionization energy is the largest
the fourth
the metalloids are located on the period table between
the nonmetals and metals
in his periodci table, Mendeleev did not list all of the elements in order of increasing atomic mass because he wanted to group together elements with similar
properties
a new group was added to Mendeleev’s periodic table after the discovery of
noble gases
Moseley discovered that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals when the elements were arranged in order of increasing
atomic number
compared with the elements at the left end of the p block element group, the elements at the right end
are less metallic
as the atomic number increases within a group of elements, the atomic radius
generally increases
for each successive electron removed from an atom, the ionization energy
increases
since the first energy level contains only the 1s sublevel, the number of elements in this period is
2
the energy change when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom is called the
electron affinity of the atom
the measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound is called
electronegativity
the energy required to remove one electron from an atom is called its
ionization energy
one half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together is the
atomic radius
an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge is called an
ion
how do the properties of the transition metals compare with those of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
transition is typically less reactive. alkali metals are so reactive that they are not found in nature.
describe the general trend in ionization energy
increase across period. decrease down a group.
why are elements with high electron affinites also the most electronegative
negativity- measure of the ability of an atom to gain an electron.
Affinity- measure of ease of which an atom gains electrons.
If one is high than the other is high.
how does the size of a cation compare with the size of the neutral atom
radius will be smaller than neutral
how does the size of the anion compare with the size of the neutral atom
radius, with more electrons, is larger
