chemistry chapter 12 notes Flashcards
solutions may exist as
gases, liquids, or solids
particles over ______ in diameter form suspensions
1000 nm
the particles in suspension can be separated from heterogeneous mixtures by passing the mixture
through a filter
particles between ___ and ______ may form colloids
1 and 100 nm
the tyndall effect is a property that can be used to distinguish between a ________ and _____
solution and a colloid
at higher temperatures, collisions between the solvent molecules and the solute are ________ and are of higher energy than at lower temperatures
more frequent
the point at which the limit is reached for any solute-solvent combination is difficult to predict precisely and depends on the
nature of the solute, the nature of the solvent, and the temperature
a supersaturated solution may remain unchanged for a long time if it is not
disturbed
the maximum amount of a given solute that dissolves and reaches equilibrium is always the ___ under the same conditions
same
the only attraction between the nonpolar molecules are _____ which are quite weak
london forces
increases in pressure increase _____________ in liquids
gas solubilities
temperature usually decreases
gas solubility
since heating decreases the solubility of a gas, the dissolution of gases is _____
exothermic
energy is ________ when a gas dissolves in a liquid
released
a solute dissolves at a rate that depends on the ____________ of the solute, _____________, ________
surface area
how vigorously the solution is mixed
temperature of the solvent
the solubility of a substance depends on the
temperature
the solubility of gases in liquids increases with _______________
increases in pressure
solutions are
homogeneous mixtures
mixtures are classified as
solutions, suspension, or colloids
mixtures are classified depending on the
size of the solute particles in the mixture.
suspensions settle out upon ___
standing
colloids do not
settle out
colloids scatter _____ when it is shined through them
light
most ______ solutes and some _______ solutes form aqueous solutions that conduct an electric current.
ionic
molecular
