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Geography > semester 2 exam review > Flashcards

semester 2 exam review Flashcards

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1
Q

why did the first americans come to america

A

followed animal herds-large source of food

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2
Q

why don’t we know more about this time period

A

no written records, history was kept orally

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3
Q

what occurred at the same time large game died out

A

agricultural revolution-people began to grow more food

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4
Q

what can people do when there is a surplus of food

A

people can specialize in other jobs

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5
Q

what types of advances did china make in this time period

A

more accurately calculated the year, invented paper, made world’s first printed book

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6
Q

what was the first printed book

A

diamond sutra

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7
Q

what helped the expansion of islam

A

trade

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8
Q

what was the earliest west african trading post

A

ghana

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9
Q

who do many believe were the first people the reach america

A

vikings

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10
Q

what is feudalism

A

idea that a noble would be given land (a manor) in exchange for his military service

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11
Q

why was feudalism created

A

created to comat vikings and other invaders

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12
Q

where did most important events in feudal europe occur

A

church

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13
Q

when did the crusades occur

A

between 1096 and 1200

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14
Q

what were the effects of the crusades

A

increased trade with middle east, created urban middle class or bourgeoisie

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15
Q

what new technology helped europeans travel further

A

astrolabe, larger ships, and caravels

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16
Q

what is a caravel

A

lateen sails had smaller rudders and were smaller but were more mauverable

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17
Q

what were ships in this period called

A

“Foul stinkers”

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18
Q

what would a sailor’s diet consist of in this period

A

pickled beef or pork, fresh rain water stored in barrels, and hard tack

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19
Q

what country lead the way in regards to exploration in this period

A

Portugal

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20
Q

where did christopher columbus grow up

A

genoa

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21
Q

did columbus believe the world was flat or round

A

round

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22
Q

why did columbus believe he could sail west and reach asia

A

believed no land lied between europe and asia to the west

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23
Q

who funded columbus’s journey

A

queen isabella dna king ferdianand

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24
Q

what were the names of columbus’s ships

A

nina, pinta, santa maria

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25
Q

who reserved the newly discovered land for spain

A

pope alexander vi

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26
Q

who felt the pope’s decision favored spain

A

king john

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27
Q

who was ferdinand magellan

A

a portuguese mariner who was first to circumnavigate the globe

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28
Q

why did hernan cortez decide to explore the mainland

A

he was intrigued by stories of gold

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29
Q

what culture did cortez conquer

A

aztec

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30
Q

what area made up la florida

A

everything from florida to new england

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31
Q

who established the first spanish settlement in new mexico

A

pedro menendez

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32
Q

who pushed the spanish out of new mexico

A

pueblo

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33
Q

when was the first permanent spanish colony created in texas

A

1682

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34
Q

what was the problem with spain’s colonial system

A

orders issued had to travel thousands of miles, many times the orders were ignored and other decisions were made

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35
Q

what tribe helped jamestown

A

powhatan

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36
Q

who was elected the president of jamestown settlers

A

john smith

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37
Q

who was poxahontas

A

favorite daughter of the powhatan leader

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38
Q

how old was pocahontas when she began helping jamestown

A

10 or 12 years old

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39
Q

who did pocahontas marry

A

john rolfe

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40
Q

why did the pilgrims leave england

A

religious conflict

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41
Q

what type of life did everyone in the massachusetts bay colony have to live

A

a moral life

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42
Q

what two prestigious universities were founded by the massachusetts bay colony

A

harvard and yale

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43
Q

how many were hanged in the salem witch trials

A

19

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44
Q

who did cecelius calvert want to create a haven for

A

roman catholics

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45
Q

what effect did bacons rebellion have

A

strengthened idea to move from indentured servants to slaves

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46
Q

who was olaudah equino

A

member of Ibo people who was captured and sold into slavery in mid1700s

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47
Q

what two groups made up the anti-slavery movement in this time period

A

quakers and abolitionists

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48
Q

who was carolina named after

A

king charles ii (latin)

49
Q

what type of system did slaves work in this time period

A

task system

50
Q

who was georgia going to be a haven for

A

the poor

51
Q

why did Georgia fail

A

rules were too strict->less population and workers

52
Q

what did the navigation act do

A

stated all products had to be carried on ships built by british subjects

colonies had a monopoly on tobacco

53
Q

when did tensions begin to rise between britain and france

A

as britain began to gain more land in the americas

54
Q

what city did france found to gain control of the mississippi

A

new orleans

55
Q

why was control of the mississippi important

A

they could dominate north america’s interior

56
Q

what happened when general braddock caught up to the french

A

decimation/destroyed

57
Q

what was gained by britain in the french and indian war

A

gained canada and all french holdings east of the mississippi except new orleans

58
Q

why did britain oppose settlers expanding into new territory

A

claims about the land’s potential drew in many farmers and settlers

59
Q

what did neolin want natives to do

A

return to their ancient practices

60
Q

how many people did pontiac kill

A

2,000

61
Q

what dd the proclamation of 1763 do

A

barred any settlement west of the appalacians and any further traders had to acquire royal permission to trap these lands

62
Q

why did james townsend think colonists opposed taxation

A

the british were not being taxed but the americans were

63
Q

what is a writ of assistance

A

it is similar to a modern day search warrant

64
Q

how many died at the boston massacre

A

3 died there, 2 died later

65
Q

why did britain leave a small duty on tea

A

to show the gov. could still tax

66
Q

why was the tea act of 1773 passed

A

to save the british east india company

67
Q

what lead to the boston tea party

A

the sons of liberty in philadelphia and new york pledged a boycott

68
Q

what acts were passed by britain after the boston tea party

A

the intolerable acts

69
Q

what effect did these acts have

A

deepened colonial hostility toward britain, other colonies felt sympathy for massachusetts(sent food, etc.), colonists denounced King George III and parliament as threats to liberty

70
Q

did paul revere travel alone

A

no

71
Q

why was lexington sigificant

A

“shot heard round the world” first battle

72
Q

what did the patriots gain at concord

A

respect

73
Q

what did thomas paine write

A

common sense

74
Q

what five men were elected to write the declaration of independence

A

john adams, robert livingston, roger sherman, ben franklin, and thomas jefferson

75
Q

when was independence declared

A

july 2

76
Q

why did some colonists remain loyal to the king

A

they did not want to be punished for being traitors

77
Q

what advantages did american soldiers have

A

fought on familiar land and fought to keep homeland

78
Q

where did britain go after they left boston

A

new york

79
Q

what custom did washington ignore at the battle of trenton

A

cease fire on christmas

80
Q

what british general was responsible for the loss at saratoga

A

burgoyne

81
Q

who lead the fighting in the west

A

george rogers clark

82
Q

who lead the fighting in the south

A

francis marion

83
Q

who helped washington surround cornwallis

A

admiral fracois de grasse

84
Q

why did americans deal with britain in the treaty of paris

A

to ensure land was not given back to spain or france

85
Q

who urged the creation of new state constitutions

A

second continental congress

86
Q

what political ideology was reflected in these constitutions

A

gov. gained power from people

87
Q

who had the ability to vote in most states in this time

A

male, white landowners

88
Q

what was republican motherhood

A

the idea that women could influence politics by offering political guidance to their sons

89
Q

in what way did republican motherhood affect women’s education

A

women argued that in order to be able to guide their sons politically, they needed education

90
Q

what debate delayed the passing of the articles of confederation

A

land debate

91
Q

how did new york and virginia help solve this debate

A

gave land to the federal gov.

92
Q

what did the land ordinance of 1785 do

A

divided previously disputed land into townships

93
Q

what did the northwest land ordinance do

A

established a new gov system, created the process for establishing new states, banned slavery from new states

94
Q

what are the weaknesses of he articles of confedeation

A

land ordinances were only real accomplishment, changes had to be unanimous, any new legislation had to be approved by 9 of the colonies, each state was given 1 vote, federal gov had no way of paying war debts, could not require states to contribute, congress printed money with no way of backing it up

95
Q

what was the conventions original goal

A

to amend the articles of confederation

96
Q

what type of legislature was proposed in the virginia plan

A

bicameral

97
Q

how many branches were in the gov proposed by the virginia plan

A

3

98
Q

how were slaves counted for population in the 3/5 compromise

A

every 3 out of 5 slaves would count for a state’s population

99
Q

who were the federalists

A

supporters of the new constitution

100
Q

who were the antifederalists

A

people who feared the power of national gov

101
Q

what was the purpose of the federal papers

A

outline benefits of new gov

102
Q

which amendments make up the bill of rights

A

first 10

103
Q

who was the first president

A

george washington

104
Q

how did hamilton propose to pay of national debt

A

federal gov would take over $21.5 million of the $25 million of war debt and create a united states bank

105
Q

what is impressment

A

kidnapping of american sailors by the british

106
Q

what was jay’s treaty

A

created a treaty which would make the british abandon their north american forts, in exchange america would pay off their war debts

107
Q

who did aaron burr kill

A

hamilton

108
Q

what did lewis and clark do

A

explored and mapped louisiana territory

109
Q

who is Sacagawea

A

acted as a guide, translator, and negotiate

crucial to this expedition

110
Q

how did the louisiana purchase affect the united states

A

added part or all of 13 present day states

111
Q

how did americans feel about the embargo act

A

angry

112
Q

who is tecumseh

A

shawnee leader who sought a military alliance among native americans, united many tribes east of mississippi from great lakes to florida, urged natives not to sell their and to the americans

113
Q

what happened at the battle of tippecanoe

A

nov. 7, natives attacked his camp
americans forces suffered heavy losses, but defeated the natives
broke Tecumseh’s hopes of becoming a united force

114
Q

what did dolly madison save

A

some of america’s most precious items including a portrait of george washington

115
Q

did the battle of new orleans occur before or after the treaty of ghent

A

after

116
Q

what effect did the treaty of ghent have on britain and america

A

created peace and a long standing partnership

117
Q

the treaty of ghent lead to a long standing relationship between which two countries

A

britain and america

118
Q

when did the first American arrive

A

between 38,000 and 10,000 BC

Geography (19 decks)

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