semester 2 exam review Flashcards
why did the first americans come to america
followed animal herds-large source of food
why don’t we know more about this time period
no written records, history was kept orally
what occurred at the same time large game died out
agricultural revolution-people began to grow more food
what can people do when there is a surplus of food
people can specialize in other jobs
what types of advances did china make in this time period
more accurately calculated the year, invented paper, made world’s first printed book
what was the first printed book
diamond sutra
what helped the expansion of islam
trade
what was the earliest west african trading post
ghana
who do many believe were the first people the reach america
vikings
what is feudalism
idea that a noble would be given land (a manor) in exchange for his military service
why was feudalism created
created to comat vikings and other invaders
where did most important events in feudal europe occur
church
when did the crusades occur
between 1096 and 1200
what were the effects of the crusades
increased trade with middle east, created urban middle class or bourgeoisie
what new technology helped europeans travel further
astrolabe, larger ships, and caravels
what is a caravel
lateen sails had smaller rudders and were smaller but were more mauverable
what were ships in this period called
“Foul stinkers”
what would a sailor’s diet consist of in this period
pickled beef or pork, fresh rain water stored in barrels, and hard tack
what country lead the way in regards to exploration in this period
Portugal
where did christopher columbus grow up
genoa
did columbus believe the world was flat or round
round
why did columbus believe he could sail west and reach asia
believed no land lied between europe and asia to the west
who funded columbus’s journey
queen isabella dna king ferdianand
what were the names of columbus’s ships
nina, pinta, santa maria
who reserved the newly discovered land for spain
pope alexander vi
who felt the pope’s decision favored spain
king john
who was ferdinand magellan
a portuguese mariner who was first to circumnavigate the globe
why did hernan cortez decide to explore the mainland
he was intrigued by stories of gold
what culture did cortez conquer
aztec
what area made up la florida
everything from florida to new england
who established the first spanish settlement in new mexico
pedro menendez
who pushed the spanish out of new mexico
pueblo
when was the first permanent spanish colony created in texas
1682
what was the problem with spain’s colonial system
orders issued had to travel thousands of miles, many times the orders were ignored and other decisions were made
what tribe helped jamestown
powhatan
who was elected the president of jamestown settlers
john smith
who was poxahontas
favorite daughter of the powhatan leader
how old was pocahontas when she began helping jamestown
10 or 12 years old
who did pocahontas marry
john rolfe
why did the pilgrims leave england
religious conflict
what type of life did everyone in the massachusetts bay colony have to live
a moral life
what two prestigious universities were founded by the massachusetts bay colony
harvard and yale
how many were hanged in the salem witch trials
19
who did cecelius calvert want to create a haven for
roman catholics
what effect did bacons rebellion have
strengthened idea to move from indentured servants to slaves
who was olaudah equino
member of Ibo people who was captured and sold into slavery in mid1700s
what two groups made up the anti-slavery movement in this time period
quakers and abolitionists
who was carolina named after
king charles ii (latin)
what type of system did slaves work in this time period
task system
who was georgia going to be a haven for
the poor
why did Georgia fail
rules were too strict->less population and workers
what did the navigation act do
stated all products had to be carried on ships built by british subjects
colonies had a monopoly on tobacco
when did tensions begin to rise between britain and france
as britain began to gain more land in the americas
what city did france found to gain control of the mississippi
new orleans
why was control of the mississippi important
they could dominate north america’s interior
what happened when general braddock caught up to the french
decimation/destroyed
what was gained by britain in the french and indian war
gained canada and all french holdings east of the mississippi except new orleans
why did britain oppose settlers expanding into new territory
claims about the land’s potential drew in many farmers and settlers
what did neolin want natives to do
return to their ancient practices
how many people did pontiac kill
2,000
what dd the proclamation of 1763 do
barred any settlement west of the appalacians and any further traders had to acquire royal permission to trap these lands
why did james townsend think colonists opposed taxation
the british were not being taxed but the americans were
what is a writ of assistance
it is similar to a modern day search warrant
how many died at the boston massacre
3 died there, 2 died later
why did britain leave a small duty on tea
to show the gov. could still tax
why was the tea act of 1773 passed
to save the british east india company
what lead to the boston tea party
the sons of liberty in philadelphia and new york pledged a boycott
what acts were passed by britain after the boston tea party
the intolerable acts
what effect did these acts have
deepened colonial hostility toward britain, other colonies felt sympathy for massachusetts(sent food, etc.), colonists denounced King George III and parliament as threats to liberty
did paul revere travel alone
no
why was lexington sigificant
“shot heard round the world” first battle
what did the patriots gain at concord
respect
what did thomas paine write
common sense
what five men were elected to write the declaration of independence
john adams, robert livingston, roger sherman, ben franklin, and thomas jefferson
when was independence declared
july 2
why did some colonists remain loyal to the king
they did not want to be punished for being traitors
what advantages did american soldiers have
fought on familiar land and fought to keep homeland
where did britain go after they left boston
new york
what custom did washington ignore at the battle of trenton
cease fire on christmas
what british general was responsible for the loss at saratoga
burgoyne
who lead the fighting in the west
george rogers clark
who lead the fighting in the south
francis marion
who helped washington surround cornwallis
admiral fracois de grasse
why did americans deal with britain in the treaty of paris
to ensure land was not given back to spain or france
who urged the creation of new state constitutions
second continental congress
what political ideology was reflected in these constitutions
gov. gained power from people
who had the ability to vote in most states in this time
male, white landowners
what was republican motherhood
the idea that women could influence politics by offering political guidance to their sons
in what way did republican motherhood affect women’s education
women argued that in order to be able to guide their sons politically, they needed education
what debate delayed the passing of the articles of confederation
land debate
how did new york and virginia help solve this debate
gave land to the federal gov.
what did the land ordinance of 1785 do
divided previously disputed land into townships
what did the northwest land ordinance do
established a new gov system, created the process for establishing new states, banned slavery from new states
what are the weaknesses of he articles of confedeation
land ordinances were only real accomplishment, changes had to be unanimous, any new legislation had to be approved by 9 of the colonies, each state was given 1 vote, federal gov had no way of paying war debts, could not require states to contribute, congress printed money with no way of backing it up
what was the conventions original goal
to amend the articles of confederation
what type of legislature was proposed in the virginia plan
bicameral
how many branches were in the gov proposed by the virginia plan
3
how were slaves counted for population in the 3/5 compromise
every 3 out of 5 slaves would count for a state’s population
who were the federalists
supporters of the new constitution
who were the antifederalists
people who feared the power of national gov
what was the purpose of the federal papers
outline benefits of new gov
which amendments make up the bill of rights
first 10
who was the first president
george washington
how did hamilton propose to pay of national debt
federal gov would take over $21.5 million of the $25 million of war debt and create a united states bank
what is impressment
kidnapping of american sailors by the british
what was jay’s treaty
created a treaty which would make the british abandon their north american forts, in exchange america would pay off their war debts
who did aaron burr kill
hamilton
what did lewis and clark do
explored and mapped louisiana territory
who is Sacagawea
acted as a guide, translator, and negotiate
crucial to this expedition
how did the louisiana purchase affect the united states
added part or all of 13 present day states
how did americans feel about the embargo act
angry
who is tecumseh
shawnee leader who sought a military alliance among native americans, united many tribes east of mississippi from great lakes to florida, urged natives not to sell their and to the americans
what happened at the battle of tippecanoe
nov. 7, natives attacked his camp
americans forces suffered heavy losses, but defeated the natives
broke Tecumseh’s hopes of becoming a united force
what did dolly madison save
some of america’s most precious items including a portrait of george washington
did the battle of new orleans occur before or after the treaty of ghent
after
what effect did the treaty of ghent have on britain and america
created peace and a long standing partnership
the treaty of ghent lead to a long standing relationship between which two countries
britain and america
when did the first American arrive
between 38,000 and 10,000 BC
