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Geography > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Contains most of Earth’s mass

A

Mantle

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1
Q

Center of Earth made up of iron and nickel

A

Core

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2
Q

Thin rocky layer

A

Crust

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3
Q

Layer of gases surrounding the earth

A

Atmosphere

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4
Q

Crust and upper mantle

A

Lithosphere

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5
Q

All water bodies on earth

A

Hydrosphere

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6
Q

All living things on earth

A

Biosphere

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7
Q

States that at one point all continents were attached

A

Continental drift

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8
Q

Circulation of water between atmosphere and earth

A

Hydrologic cycle

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9
Q

Water contained in the ground

A

Ground water

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10
Q

An opening in Earth’s crust, usually raised, where lava can escape

A

Volcano

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11
Q

Narrow passage connecting two larger bodies of water

A

Strait

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12
Q

Body of land surrounded by water

A

Island

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13
Q

Land extending into a lake or ocean- covered on three sides by water

A

Peninsula

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14
Q

Part of an ocean or lake partially enclosed

A

Bay or gulf

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15
Q

Sheltered area of water deep enough to dock ships

A

Harbor

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16
Q

Where a river flows into a lake or ocean

A

River mouth

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17
Q

Transition between a body of water and land

A

Marsh

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18
Q

Wide flat topped mountain with steep sides

A

Mesa

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19
Q

A shorter Mesa

A

Butte

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20
Q

Fertile area within a non-fertile region

A

Oasis

21
Q

Natural elevation of earths surface

A

Mountain

22
Q

Low land between hills or mountains

A

Valley

23
Q

Large ice mass that moves slowly across land

A

Glacier

24
Q

Narrow and deep valley with steep edges

A

Canyon

25
Q

Steep almost vertical edge of another landform

A

Cliff

26
Q

Enormous pieces of earths lithosphere

A

Tectonic plates

27
Q

Plates move apart, spreading horizontally

A

Divergent

28
Q

Plates collide, causing either one to dive under the other plate

A

Convergent

29
Q

Plates slide past each other

A

Transform

30
Q

As plates grind or slip past each other at a fault, the earth may violently tremble

-name of tremble

A

Earthquake

31
Q

Location where an earthquake occurs

A

Focus

32
Q

Location above focus directly on the earth’s crust

A

Epicenter

33
Q

Smaller earthquakes which occur in the periods after a major earthquake

A

Aftershock

34
Q

Uses information collected by seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake

A

Richter scale

35
Q

Giant ocean wave

A

Tsunami

36
Q

The most dramatic type of volcanic release

A

Eruption

37
Q

Physical and chemical Processes that change the characteristics of earth’s surface

A

Weathering

38
Q

Doesn’t change the composition of the rock

Changes size

A

Mechanical weathering

39
Q

Occurs when weathered material is moved by the action of wind, water, ice, or gravity

A

Erosion

40
Q

Water flowing downstream picks up loose material and transports it downstream

A

Water erosion

41
Q

Particles picked up by the water work like sandpaper on surrounding areas

A

Abrasion

42
Q

Collects particles and deposits them in different areas

A

Wind erosion

43
Q

Glaciers slowly move across land due to gravity

Rocks under glaciers cut the ground

A

Glacial erosion

44
Q

Changing of landforms by the slow movement of glaciers

A

Glaciation

45
Q

Loose mixture or weathered rock, organic matter, air, and water that supports plant growth

A

Soil

46
Q

Amount of organic material in soil

A

Humus

47
Q

Chemical composition of the original rock base

A

Parent material

48
Q

How flat or steep is the area?

A

Relief

49
Q

_______ Like Plants and worms can help loosen the soil

A

Organism

50
Q

What is the water content of the soil?

A

Climate

51
Q

2.5 cm³ of soil will take about a century to create

A

Time

Geography (19 decks)

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