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Geography > Semester 1 Exam review > Flashcards

Semester 1 Exam review Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the purpose of a navigational map

A

to show how to get a destination

Ex: road map

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1
Q

What is the difference between absolute location and relative location

A

Absolute location-exact location of a geographic feature

relative location-identifies the location of a geographic feature by using a person’s prior knowledge

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2
Q

what is a cartographer

A

a map maker

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3
Q

What is the problem with using a globe

A

only half of a globe is visible at any given time

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4
Q

what are the five themes of geography

A

location, place, regions, human environment interaction, and movement

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5
Q

what is a functional region

A

organized around interaction and connections between countries
Ex: cities, suburbs, and train tracks

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6
Q

What does GPS stand for

A

Global Positioning System

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7
Q

what galaxy are we part of

A

Milky Way

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8
Q

what is the atomosphere

A

layer of gases surrounding the earth

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9
Q

what is the lithosphere

A

crust and upper mantel; the the part we stand on

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10
Q

what is continental drift

A

states that at one point all continents were attached

widely accepted in the early 1900s
1st presented in 1912 by Alfred Wagner and the theory was recorded in 1620 by Francis Bacon

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11
Q

what percentage of the earth is covered by oceans

A

71%

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12
Q

what produces tides

A

gravitational pull of the moon and sun

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13
Q

what is a volcano

A

an opening in earth’s crust, usually raised, where lava can escape

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14
Q

what is a harbor

A

sheltered area of water deep enough to dock ships

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15
Q

what is a canyon

A

narrow and deep valley with steep edges

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16
Q

what is a tectonic plate

A

enormous pieces of earth’s lithosphere

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17
Q

what are the four types of tectonic plate movement

A

spreading or moving apart, subduction, collision, sliding past each other in shearing motions

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18
Q

what are the three types of tectonic boundaries

A

divergent, convergent, transform

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19
Q

what causes an earthquake

A

plates grind or slip past each other at a fault, the earth may tremble

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20
Q

where is the focus of an earthquake

A

exact location where an earthquake occurs

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21
Q

what is an aftershock

A

smaller earthquakes which occur in the periods after a major earthquake

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22
Q

what is a volcanic eruption

A

the most dramatic type of volcanic release, pressure reaches a peak and reaches the surface

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23
Q

what are the two types of weathering

A

chemical and mechanical

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24
Q

how large can a hurricane get

A

up to 500 miles wide with the eyes reaching 20 miles

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25
Q

what culture resided in the Andes Mountains

A

Inca

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26
Q

in what year did Hernando Cortez reach Mexico

A

1519

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27
Q

in what year did Mexico gain its independence

A

1821

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28
Q

how many square miles does the Amazon Rainforest cover

A

2,000,000 square miles

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29
Q

who ruled each city in the Mayan culture

A

god-kings

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30
Q

who discovered the Caribbean islands

A

Christopher Columbus

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31
Q

what countries make up the Scandinavian Peninsula

A

Norway and Sweden

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32
Q

what percentage of European land is suitable for agriculture

A

33%

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33
Q

what are the winds called which blow from the north to the south

A

mistral

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34
Q

what are the winds which blow north from Africa called

A

sirocco

35
Q

what percentage of the Netherlands land was reclaimed from the sea

A

40%

36
Q

what is a polder

A

land from sea

37
Q

what part of Pangea was made up of Africa

A

southern part

38
Q

how deep are the basins of Africa

A

5,000 feet deep

39
Q

what is the world’s longest river

A

Nile River

40
Q

how deep is Lake Tanganyika

A

4,700 feet deep

41
Q

what percent of Africa falls between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn

A

90%

42
Q

what country occupies the Anatolian Peninsula

A

Turkey

43
Q

what is a wadis

A

riverbeds that dry for parts of the year

44
Q

what country do the Zagros mountains isolate

A

Iran

45
Q

when was the first oil in Southwest Asia found

A

1908

46
Q

how many pillars does Islam have

A

5

47
Q

what are the five pillars of Islam

A

faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage

48
Q

what did Abdu al-Aziz Ibn Saud do

A

consolidated the power in what is now Saudi Arabia

49
Q

how much has the urban population risen in Southwest Asia

A

33%

50
Q

what rivers find their origin in the Himalayas

A

Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra

51
Q

how many square miles does the Gobi Desert cover

A

500,000 square miles

52
Q

what is another name for the Chang Jiang river

A

Yangtze

53
Q

how long has China been settled

A

4,000 years

54
Q

who founded the nationalist party in 1912

A

Sun Yatsen

55
Q

how many days a week do Japanese students attend school

A

6

56
Q

when did the Russian culture begin

A

9th century

57
Q

when did the position of czar end

A

1917

58
Q

who is Mikhail Gorbachev

A

began to give the soviet people more economic and political freedom

59
Q

what percentage of the people in Russia and the Republic are ethnically Russian

A

80%

60
Q

Tropic of Cancer

A

the most northern point which receives direct sunlight

61
Q

weather

A

atmospheric conditions over a short period of time

62
Q

Tropic of Capricorn

A

most southern point that receives direct sunlight

63
Q

solstice

A

day when the sun is at its most northern and southern point

64
Q

climate

A

atmospheric conditions over a long period of time

65
Q

maquiladora

A

factories that ship products straight out of Mexico

66
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

lead conquest of South America

67
Q

US and French Revolutions

A

inspired South Americans to gain their freedom

68
Q

Carnival

A

most famous Brazilian feast day

69
Q

Capoeira

A

Brazilian Martial Art

70
Q

Explain how wind erosion works

A

wind must reach at least 11 mph. It works similar to water erosion. The wind collects particles and deposits them in different areas

71
Q

what is a tornado

A

a powerful funnel shaped column of spiraling air

72
Q

explain how individuals, families, clans, and tribes all fit together

A

individual-one person
individuals make up families
families make up clans that share language and religion
clans make up tribes that share similar world views

73
Q

explain the difference between a monotheistic religion and a polytheistic religion

A

monotheistic-belief in one god

polytheistic-belief in many gods

74
Q

who became the King of Brazil

A

Dom Pedro

75
Q

what is a cartel

A

Mexican drug organization that was responsible for injuring and killing many innocent people

76
Q

why is Europe called the Peninsula of Peninsulas

A

Europe is a giant peninsula that is made up of many smaller peninsulas

77
Q

how do the mountain ranges or Europe affect its climate

A

marine west coast environment: warm summers and cool winters

makes unique milder climates

Blocks the prevailing westerlies-makes cooler weather

Blocks mistral so sirocco winds can warm up the Mediterranean

78
Q

how did the rivers of Europe help its culture develop

A

brought goods, people, and ideas together
exchange of cultures and customs
Made up for the isolation of mountains

79
Q

how are rift valleys created

A

created as continental plates pulled apart and land falls in between the trench

80
Q

what is an aquifer

A

huge stores of water underground

81
Q

what is desertification

A

expansion of dry conditions into moist areas that are next to deserts

82
Q

How does the North Atlantic drift and the prevailing westerlies affect europe’s climate

A

NAD-currents from the tropics, brings in warm wart from the tropics to the west coast of Europe
PW-bring warm air from NAD further inland

83
Q

What are some of the positives of the Three Gorges Dam?

A

Helps generate electricity
Helps control the frequent flooding of the Chang Jiang
Makes it easier for ships to reach China’s interior

84
Q

What are some of the negatives of the Three Gorges Dam

A

Forced 1-2 million people to relocate
Cost more than expected
Changed environment and damaged wildlife

Geography (19 decks)

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