Semester 1 Exam review Flashcards
What is the purpose of a navigational map
to show how to get a destination
Ex: road map
What is the difference between absolute location and relative location
Absolute location-exact location of a geographic feature
relative location-identifies the location of a geographic feature by using a person’s prior knowledge
what is a cartographer
a map maker
What is the problem with using a globe
only half of a globe is visible at any given time
what are the five themes of geography
location, place, regions, human environment interaction, and movement
what is a functional region
organized around interaction and connections between countries
Ex: cities, suburbs, and train tracks
What does GPS stand for
Global Positioning System
what galaxy are we part of
Milky Way
what is the atomosphere
layer of gases surrounding the earth
what is the lithosphere
crust and upper mantel; the the part we stand on
what is continental drift
states that at one point all continents were attached
widely accepted in the early 1900s
1st presented in 1912 by Alfred Wagner and the theory was recorded in 1620 by Francis Bacon
what percentage of the earth is covered by oceans
71%
what produces tides
gravitational pull of the moon and sun
what is a volcano
an opening in earth’s crust, usually raised, where lava can escape
what is a harbor
sheltered area of water deep enough to dock ships
what is a canyon
narrow and deep valley with steep edges
what is a tectonic plate
enormous pieces of earth’s lithosphere
what are the four types of tectonic plate movement
spreading or moving apart, subduction, collision, sliding past each other in shearing motions
what are the three types of tectonic boundaries
divergent, convergent, transform
what causes an earthquake
plates grind or slip past each other at a fault, the earth may tremble
where is the focus of an earthquake
exact location where an earthquake occurs
what is an aftershock
smaller earthquakes which occur in the periods after a major earthquake
what is a volcanic eruption
the most dramatic type of volcanic release, pressure reaches a peak and reaches the surface
what are the two types of weathering
chemical and mechanical
how large can a hurricane get
up to 500 miles wide with the eyes reaching 20 miles
what culture resided in the Andes Mountains
Inca
in what year did Hernando Cortez reach Mexico
1519
in what year did Mexico gain its independence
1821
how many square miles does the Amazon Rainforest cover
2,000,000 square miles
who ruled each city in the Mayan culture
god-kings
who discovered the Caribbean islands
Christopher Columbus
what countries make up the Scandinavian Peninsula
Norway and Sweden
what percentage of European land is suitable for agriculture
33%
what are the winds called which blow from the north to the south
mistral
what are the winds which blow north from Africa called
sirocco
what percentage of the Netherlands land was reclaimed from the sea
40%
what is a polder
land from sea
what part of Pangea was made up of Africa
southern part
how deep are the basins of Africa
5,000 feet deep
what is the world’s longest river
Nile River
how deep is Lake Tanganyika
4,700 feet deep
what percent of Africa falls between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
90%
what country occupies the Anatolian Peninsula
Turkey
what is a wadis
riverbeds that dry for parts of the year
what country do the Zagros mountains isolate
Iran
when was the first oil in Southwest Asia found
1908
how many pillars does Islam have
5
what are the five pillars of Islam
faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage
what did Abdu al-Aziz Ibn Saud do
consolidated the power in what is now Saudi Arabia
how much has the urban population risen in Southwest Asia
33%
what rivers find their origin in the Himalayas
Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra
how many square miles does the Gobi Desert cover
500,000 square miles
what is another name for the Chang Jiang river
Yangtze
how long has China been settled
4,000 years
who founded the nationalist party in 1912
Sun Yatsen
how many days a week do Japanese students attend school
6
when did the Russian culture begin
9th century
when did the position of czar end
1917
who is Mikhail Gorbachev
began to give the soviet people more economic and political freedom
what percentage of the people in Russia and the Republic are ethnically Russian
80%
Tropic of Cancer
the most northern point which receives direct sunlight
weather
atmospheric conditions over a short period of time
Tropic of Capricorn
most southern point that receives direct sunlight
solstice
day when the sun is at its most northern and southern point
climate
atmospheric conditions over a long period of time
maquiladora
factories that ship products straight out of Mexico
Francisco Pizarro
lead conquest of South America
US and French Revolutions
inspired South Americans to gain their freedom
Carnival
most famous Brazilian feast day
Capoeira
Brazilian Martial Art
Explain how wind erosion works
wind must reach at least 11 mph. It works similar to water erosion. The wind collects particles and deposits them in different areas
what is a tornado
a powerful funnel shaped column of spiraling air
explain how individuals, families, clans, and tribes all fit together
individual-one person
individuals make up families
families make up clans that share language and religion
clans make up tribes that share similar world views
explain the difference between a monotheistic religion and a polytheistic religion
monotheistic-belief in one god
polytheistic-belief in many gods
who became the King of Brazil
Dom Pedro
what is a cartel
Mexican drug organization that was responsible for injuring and killing many innocent people
why is Europe called the Peninsula of Peninsulas
Europe is a giant peninsula that is made up of many smaller peninsulas
how do the mountain ranges or Europe affect its climate
marine west coast environment: warm summers and cool winters
makes unique milder climates
Blocks the prevailing westerlies-makes cooler weather
Blocks mistral so sirocco winds can warm up the Mediterranean
how did the rivers of Europe help its culture develop
brought goods, people, and ideas together
exchange of cultures and customs
Made up for the isolation of mountains
how are rift valleys created
created as continental plates pulled apart and land falls in between the trench
what is an aquifer
huge stores of water underground
what is desertification
expansion of dry conditions into moist areas that are next to deserts
How does the North Atlantic drift and the prevailing westerlies affect europe’s climate
NAD-currents from the tropics, brings in warm wart from the tropics to the west coast of Europe
PW-bring warm air from NAD further inland
What are some of the positives of the Three Gorges Dam?
Helps generate electricity
Helps control the frequent flooding of the Chang Jiang
Makes it easier for ships to reach China’s interior
What are some of the negatives of the Three Gorges Dam
Forced 1-2 million people to relocate
Cost more than expected
Changed environment and damaged wildlife
