Ch 4 Flashcards
Group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity and a culture
Society
It is the total knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members
Culture
Group that shares language, customs, and a common heritage
Ethnic group
One person
Individual
When two individuals have children
Family
Groups of families that share language and religion
Clan
Clans group together because of similar world views
Tribe
Taking existing technology and resources and creating something new
Innovation
Spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior
Languages spread in two ways
-through trade and through migration
Diffuse
A society changes because it accepts or rejects innovation
Acculturation
Changes in a speech pattern
Dialect
Belief in one God
Monotheistic
Belief in many gods
Polytheistic
Nature in charge of divine force
Animistic
Monotheistic
Based on the teachings of Jesus
Christianity
Oldest monotheistic religion
Faith and culture are tightly woven
Sacred text is called the Torah
Judaism
In 610 AD Muhamed reported seeing an angel who brought him a message from God
Monotheistic religion
Islam
Oldest religion to still be widely practiced
Polytheistic religion
Followers are mainly in India
Hinduism
Origins of the fifth century BC
Siddhartha Guatemala rejected strict rules of Hindu society
You live to reach a state of Nirvana
Buddhism
Number of births per thousand
Birthrate
Average number of children a woman will have
Fertility rate
Number of deaths per thousand
Mortality rate
Number of deaths of children under one year old
Infant mortality rate
Helps us to understand population trends within a country
Population pyramid
Movement of one place to another
Migration
Reasons for migrating
Push-pull factors
How heavily populated an area is
Population density
Number of organisms a certain piece of land can hold
Carrying capacity
A group of people who share a culture and land
Nation
A combination of political and cultural groups
Nationstate
Citizens hold political power
Can be either direct or representative
Democracy
Ruling family holds power
Can share power with the people if they so choose
Monarchy
Individual or group holds absolute political control
Dictatorship
All power resides with the government
Combines politics and economics
Communism
How much land does the country possess
Size
Decides how easy it is to govern
Shape
Is the country landlocked? Does it have a coast?
Location
Based on physical features
Natural boundaries
Boundaries which are created by people
Can divide for several reasons such as cultural differences
Artificial boundaries
Smaller cities which are in commuting distance from a larger city
Suburbs
Central city and its suburbs combine to create this
Metropolitan area
Formed when several metropolitan areas are combined
Megalopolis
The trend of leaving rural areas in favor of urban settings
Urbanization
Housing
Residential
Areas reserved for manufacturing goods
Industrial
Private business
Commercial
Core of a city where commercial activity occurs
Central business district
Production and exchange of goods and services
Economy
Goods and services are traded without the exchange of money
Traditional
Government owns production and thus decides what will be produced
Command
Production of goods and services is determined by the consumers
Market
Combination of command and market
Mixed
Gathering law materials
Primary
Using Resources to create products
Secondary
Providing business and professional services
Tertiary
Provide information management and research
Quaternary
Materials on or within earth that have economic value
Natural resources
Basic support system a country needs to keep an economy going
Infrastructure
Average amount of money earned by a person in a country
Per capita income
Total value of the goods and services produced by a country in one year
Gross national product or GNP
Total value of products produced within a country
Gross domestic product or GDP
