Semester 1 Test Flashcards
Does chemistry apply in agriculture?
Yes
Does technology technically have one correct answer?
No
Does the scientific method have to go in a certain order?
No
Define Energy
Ability to do work.
Define Force
Push or pull.
Define Work
Force moving an object.
Describe and give the steps of the scientific method.
A logical series of steps used to solve problems.
Make observations, develop and test a hypothesis, create theories or scientific laws, repeat.
What is the difference between theory and law?
Theories have exceptions laws do not.
Define Chemistry
The study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Define Matter
Anything that has mass and volume.
Define Mass
The measure of matter.
Define Volume
The amount of space an object takes up.
Define Observations
Using your five senses to collect data.
Define Hypothesis
A testable educated guess.
List and describe the two types of variables.
Manipulated: Controlled by the scientist.
Responding: The result.
Define Technology
Anything that makes life easier for humans.
How does chemistry apply to life?
There is some form of chemistry in all aspects of life. For example, when you eat food, biochemistry is occurring through your digestive systems.
Why is the scientific method a good idea to follow in all science classes?
The scientific method can help you to solve any problem. So if one uses it in every science class it will teach them how to solve problems logically and they can use the method throughout their entire life.
Are vapors and gases considered the same thing?
No
Do any two substances have the same phase points?
No
Define Vapor
The gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or liquid at room temp.
Describe Filtration
The process of separating solids from liquids in heterogenous mixtures based on particle size.
List and describe the two types of mixtures.
Homogenous: Composition is the same throughout.
Heterogenous: Composition is different throughout.
Define Phase
Any substance with uniform composition and properties.
What is a solution?
A homogenous mixture.
Same throughout.
What is the difference between chemical and physical change?
Chemical Change: Changes the composition of a substance.
Physical Change: Changes the appearance of a substance.
State the Law of Conservation of Mass
In any physical or chemical change mass is conserved. Mass cannot be created or destroyed.
Define Substance
Has a uniform and definite composition. The composition is fixed.
List and define the three types of matter by their shape and volume.
Solid: Has definite shape and volume.
Liquid: Has definite volume but no definite shape.
Gas: Has neither definite shape nor volume.
What phase of matter fills the whole container?
Gas
What phase of matter takes the shape of the container?
Liquid
What two types of matter can flow?
Gas and Liquid.
Define Precipitate
When a solid form and settles from a liquid mixture.
Define Element
The simplest form of matter with its own unique properties.
Define Compound
Two or more elements chemically combined.
Define: Boiling Freezing Melting Condensing
Boiling: L - G
Freezing: L - S
Melting: S - L
Condensing: G - L
Give two examples of how physical and chemical changes affect us every day.
Cook macaroni- Boil water
Drin water- compound
What number is the Metric System based on?
10
Define Temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy of a particle or molecule.
Define Weight
The pull of gravity on mass.
What is the difference between precision and accuracy?
Precision: The measure of how close answers are to each other
Accuracy: The measure of how close answers are to the true or given measurement.
How can you be precise and accuarate?
Free throw example.
Why do chemists use significant figures?
To reduce error.
What is scientific notation used?
To save time and do not have o write as much.
Why is it good for all scientists to use the metric system?
No confusion. Less converting. Save time.
Have scientists found smaller particles called quarks?
Yes
Define Isotope
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Changes the mass, not the behavior.
Define Atom
The basic unit of matter.
Describe the three subatomic particles.
Proton: positive, in the nucleus
Neutron: neutral, in the nucleus
Electron: Negative, outside of the nucleus.
Define Atomic Number
The number of protons.
What makes up the mass number?
Protons + Neutrons
What are atoms mostly made up of?
Empty space.
What is the overall charge of an atom?
Neutral
Why does atomic weight have decimal points?
Because of the isotopes.
How do atoms affect us?
Make lead to take the test.
Make up human beings.
In what way do changes in atoms proceed?
To the lowest possible energy.
Can we ever know the exact location and speed of an electron at the same time?
No
Define Frequency
How often the crests hit a certain point.
List four types of electromagnetic waves.
radio, microwave, UV, and X-ray
Define Orbital
A path around an object.
List and describe the shapes of the orbitals.
- S - Spere Shape, 1 possible shape, 2 electrons.
- P - Dumbell Shape, 3 possible shapes, 6 electrons.
- D - clover Shape, 5 possible shapes, 10 electrons.
- F - Quadrants, 7 possible shapes, 14 electrons.
What are the lights (colors) of the spectrum?
ROY G BIV
What is the difference between ground and excited states?
Ground: The lowest possible energy of an electron.
Excited: An electron above the ground state.
Define Photon
A quanta of energy.
How do electrons in an atom move from one energy level to another?
Gain or lose energy.
why is electron configuration important to chemistry?
Shows how many electrons there are in each level. Helps them to study and understand.
How does light behave as particles and waves?
Light travels in waves when it goes through windows. It travels in particles when it bounces off objects and heats things up.
Can different properties of elements be explained by their electron structure?
Yes
Describe the representative elements.
Groups 1,2 - 13-17
A mix of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
The highest energy levels are not filled.
Describe the transition elements.
Groups 3-12
Two types: transition metals and inner transition metals.
Describe the noble gases.
Group 18
Rarely react
The highest energy level is filled.
What determines the properties of an element?
Electrons
Describe the periodic table.
An arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number with repeating chemical and physical properties.
What are the three main classes of elements on the periodic table?
Metal, nonmetals, metalloids.
Define Malleable
Can be hammered into thin sheets.
Define Ductile
Can be drawn into wires.
Define Luster
How reflective it is.
Conductor
Heat and electricity can easily pass through.
Define Ion
Electrically charged atom or group of atoms.
What is the difference between cation and anion?
Cation: Positively charged, usually a metal.
Anion: Negatively charged, usually a nonmetal.
What four facts are usually in the squares on the periodic table?
Name, symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass.
Why is the periodic table important to us?
Shows every element and its facts. Also shows the elements’ similarities in properties.
What does periodic mean?
Periodic means repeating or occurring based on a pattern.
