Chapter 13

Question 1

Gas

Answer 1

no definite shape or volume

fill their container

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

energy of motion

Question 3

Kinetic Theory

Answer 3

All matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion.

Question 4

What is the motion of the particles in a gas?

Answer 4

Rapid, constant, and random.

Will travel in a straight line until they hit something.

Question 5

Random Walk

Answer 5

The distance between particle collisions and the direction they move afterward.

Question 6

Perfectly Elastic

Answer 6

All particles of a gas are perfectly elastic.

The total kinetic energy after the collision remains constant.

Question 7

Gas Pressure

Answer 7

results from the force exerted by a gas per unit surface area of an object.

Question 8

Atmospheric Pressure

Answer 8

Results from the collisions of atoms and molecules in air with objects.
Measured with a barometer.
Depends on weather and altitude.

Question 9

Sea Level

Standard Atmosphere

Answer 9

760 mm of Hg = 1 atm
1 atm = 101.3 kPa
STP at 0 C

Question 10

SI unit for Pressure

Answer 10

Pascal (Pa)

Question 11

Vaccum

Answer 11

empty space with no particles

Question 12

What happens when a substance is heated?

Answer 12

Particles absorb energy which causes particles to move faster.

Question 13

Theory of Absolute Zero

Answer 13

No movement for the particles.
The coldest temperature possible.
Have come within a billionth of a degree.
Based on Kelvin Scale.

Question 14

Kelvin Scale

Answer 14

1 K = 273.15 C

Question 15

How is the Kelvin temperature related to kinetic energy?

Answer 15

The Kelvin Temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles of the substance.

Question 16

Flow

Answer 16

high to low concentration

Question 17

Fluids

Answer 17

Substances that can flow.

Liquids and gases.

Question 18

Liquid

Answer 18

Definite volume but not shape.

Question 19

Condensed States of Matter

Answer 19

Pressure on them does not really change them.

Liquids and solids.

Question 20

Vaporization

Answer 20

going from liquid to gas vapor

Question 21

Evaporation

Answer 21

Going from liquid to gas.

Occurs at the surface when not boiling.

Question 22

Vapor Pressure

Answer 22

The measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid.

Measured by a manometer.

Question 23

Equilibrium

Answer 23

The rate of evaporation of a liquid equals the rate of condensation rate.

Question 24

Boiling Point

Answer 24

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is just equal to the external pressure on the liquid.

Question 25

Solids

Answer 25

Definite shape and volume

Question 26

Melting Point

Answer 26

The temperature at which solid changes into a liquid.

0 C

Question 27

Freezing Point

Answer 27

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid.

0 C

Question 28

Crystal

Answer 28

3D repeating pattern

Question 29

Crystal Lattice

Answer 29

The arrangement of particles in a solid.

Question 30

Do all solids melt?

Answer 30

No

Ex. wood

Question 31

How many groups of crystals are there?

Answer 31

7

Question 32

Allotropes

Answer 32

Two or more different molecular forms of the same element.

Ex. Diamond and graphite are both pure carbon.

Question 33

Amorphous Solids

Answer 33

Lack of an ordered internal structure.
Ex. Rubber, asphalt, plastic, glass.
These do not melt at a certain temperature but soften when heated.

Question 34

Sublimation

Answer 34

A substance going from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state.
Ex. Dry ice and solid air fresheners.

Question 35

Phase Diagram

Answer 35

A graph showing relationships among solids, liquids, and vapors in a sealed container.

Question 36

Triple Point

Answer 36

A condition where substances are at equilibrium between all three states of matter.