Chapter 7 Flashcards
Valence Electrons
outer electrons
What do valence electrons do?
Make elements in the same group behave similarly.
Determines elements’ chemical properties.
They are usually the only electrons used in chemical bonds.
Electron Dot Structure
A diagram that shows valence electrons as dots.
Octet Rule
Atoms when forming a compound tend to form the electron configuration of a noble gas.
How do atoms of metals get to 8?
They tend to lose electrons.
How do atoms of nonmetals get to 8?
They tend to gain or share electrons.
Anion
Negatively charged ion.
How do you name an anion?
naming usually ends in ‘ide” followed by anion
Halogen Atoms
Halide ions, group 17
Ionic Compounds
Composed of ions.
What is the charge of ions when put together?
electrically neutral
How do chemists represent the composition of substances?
By writing chemical formulas.
Formula Unit
The lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
Crystal
arranged in a 3D repeating pattern
Coordination Number
The number of ions of opposite charge that surrounded the ions in a crystal.
How can the valence electrons of metal atoms be represented?
As a sea of electrons.
They are mobile and can drift freely from one metal to another.
Conductor
Heat and electricity can easily pass through.
Malleable
Can be hammered into thin sheets.
Ductile
Can be drawn into wires.
What do metallic bonds consist of?
The attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions.
How are metals arranged?
In a very compact and orderly pattern.
Alloys
A mixture composed of two or more elements with at least one being a metal.
Sterling Silver
Made of silver and copper.
Harder and more durable but soft enough to make jewelry or silverware.
Bronze
Made of copper and tin.
Harder than copper and more easily cast.
Interstitial Alloys
The smaller atoms can fit between larger atoms.
This makes it very strong.
Cation
A positively charged ion.
How do you name a cation?
Name the element and follow it with cation.
