Self Assessment Mock 3 Flashcards
Amiodarone lung disease
Hyperdense consolidation with asymmetrical, peripheral distribution.
Triangular Fibrocartilage tear
Associated with positive ulnar variance, and ulnar impaction syndrome (Ulnar impingement is associated with negative ulnar variance).
Ulnar-carpal articulation is more distal than raidocarpal.
Causes of widening of the presacral space
Pre-sacral space is between the sacrum and mid-rectum.
Widened by:
Fat:
- Previous surgery or radiotherapy,
- Pelvic lipomatosis or fibrosis,
- Developmental cysts (dermoid, epidermoid, duplication cysts)
Sacral disease:
- Chordoma,
- Teratoma,
- Meningocele,
- Neurofibroma,
- Osteomyelitis
Spinal haemangioblastoma
Common in thoracic and cervical spine.
Intramedullary and extramedullary component.
Well defined mass, cystic with nodule, with flow voids and haemosiderin cap
Commonest cause of lytic bone mets in axial skeleton
Lung Ca (Bronchus)
Candida oesophagitis
Long, linear, plaque like filling defects.
Ulceration and pseudomembrane formation
Common locations for vertebral artery dissection
C6 (entry to foramen transversarium) and C1 (entrance of foramen magnum)
Adenomyomatosis (GB) ultrasound
Multiple, echogenic wall foci with posterior accoustic shadowing.
Associated with gallstones
FMD management
If asymptomatic/found incidentally, pts are followed up with angioplasty only done if symptomatic
Earliest radiographic feature of cardiac failure
Upper lobe diversion.
Then interstitial oedema (ground glass and and interlobular septal thickening)
Aggressive bony lesion in pagets patient
Osteosarcoma
Ureteric reflux grading
1: Into non-dilated ureters
2: Into renal pelvis, no ureteric dilatation
3: Mild dilatation, no calyceal clubbing
4: Moderate dilatation, calyceal clubbing
5: Severe dilatation with ureteral tortuosity
Pulmonary asbestosis
Lower lobe fibrosis.
Honeycombing, pleural plaques and effusions.
Mastocytosis
Mucosal small bowel fold thickening,
hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy,
bone sclerosis
Commonest skeletal injury in NAI
Transverse long bone fractures, e.g. humerus
Hypoxic ischaemic injury on cranial ultrasound
Frequently normal within the first 2 days.
Hyperechoic changes then occur, in deep white matter in term babies, or periventricular in preterm.
Mycotic aortic aneurysm - common organisms
S.Aureus and Salmonella
Meconium plug syndrome
Commonest cause of failure to pass meconium.
Contrast enema: Dilated proximal colon with contrast outlining the impacted meconium.
Meconium ileus has microcolon affecting the entire bowel, with dilated ileal loops
Mucous retention cyst
Commonly maxillary sinus, can occur in other paranasal sinuses.
Partially aerated sinuses, unlike mucoceles which occur in non-aerated sinuses.
No enhancement (antrochoanal polyps have peripheral enhancement and protrude into nasal cavity via widened maxillary osteum)
Tuberous sclerosis MRI brain
White matter abnormalities, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas and cortical tubers.
Tubers: Small areas of flair and T2 hyperintensity within the cortical and subcortical regions
Causes of brown tumours
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is becoming more common, usually due to renal failure which would show renal cortical thinning
Toxic megacolon on CT, follow up
Daily AXR to monitor bowel dilatation.
Urethral injuries
Anterior (Penile and bulbous urethra), Posterior (prostatic and membranous urethra).
Anterior: More common in straddle injuries.
Posterior: More common in blunt trauma or pelvic fractures.
Contrast into retropubic space suggests above urogenital diaphragm (posterior urethra)
Contrast into perineum suggests below urogenital diaphragm (anterior)
Inadequate CTPA with pulmonary HTN, cannot rule out PE
VQ scan needed. If unavailable, repeat CTPA
