Self Assessment Mock 2 Flashcards
Best imaging for Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
MRI - provides underlying anatomy and aids surgical planning
Amyloid arthropathy
Large joint, symmetrical arthropathy.
XR: Preserved joint space, subchondral cysts and well circumscribed erosions.
MRI: Low T1 and T2 intra-articular nodules and bone lesions with enhancement.
Positive on Congo Red stain
Scleroderma - oesophageal findings
Dilatation and reduced peristalsis in the distal 2/3 due to fibrosis of smooth muscle.
Upper oesophagus is unaffected.
Myositis ossificans
MRI: Low peripheral T1 and T2 with iso T1 and heterogenous T2 centrally.
Significant surrounding high STIR (oedema).
XR to confirm benign nature
Achondroplasia
Anterio-inferior beak and posterior vertebral vody scalloping (like Hurlers).
Narrowing of the interpedicular distance (like Thanatophoric)
Pyloric stenosis - US criteria
Single wall diameter >3mm,
Overall pyloric transverse diameter >11mm
Pyloric length >15mm,
Pyloric volume >1.5cc
Pituitary apoplexy
CT fairly insensitive
MRI: High T1 if haemorrhagic (depending on age of blood).
Peripheral enhancement with restricted diffusion in the infarcted centre.
Omphalocele vs Gastrochisis
Omphalocele is associated with Turners and other chromosomal abnormalities.
Omphalocele is midline and has peritoneal covering. Gastrochisis is right, has no covering or ascites.
Omphalocele is more associated with liver herniation and less with associated bowel complications
Loefgren syndome
Acute form of sarcoid with fevers, malaise, arthritis, lymph node enlargement and erythema nodosum.
Common cause for renal and splenic mets
Melanoma
ET tube placement in neonate
1.5cm above carina
TACE for HCC vs Thermal Ablation
Non-curative, life prolonging Rx for HCC.
Indicated for large, unresectable tumours with Child Pugh A and B.
Thermal ablation indicated for small tumours not amenable to surgery.
TACE can be used to reduce volume prior to thermal or used post thermal to reduce recurrence.
Osteitis Condensans Ilii
Benign, usually women with children.
Subchondral sclerosis, often triangular, at the iliac side of the SI joint with preserved joint space.
Pseudoprogression (chemo damage) vs Tumour Recurrence
MR Spect: Reduced Choline vs Reduced NAA and Increased Choline
CT perfusion: Reduced rCBV vs Increaseds rCBV
Thallium spect: Reduced vs Increased
Initial staging for SCC cervix
MRI pelvis and 18F-FDG PET/CT (Pet indicated for stage 2b or greater disease)
Mesenchymal hamartoma
Multiloculated cystic lesions with some vascular solid components and septae.
Similar appearance to infantile haemangioendothelioma but with normal aortic calibre
Normal AFP unlike hepatoblastoma
Causes of increased liver attenuation
Haemochromatosis,
Amiodarone,
Thorotrast,
Iron overload,
Wilson disease,
Haemosiderosis,
Glycogen storage disease (can cause high or low)
Causes of decreased liver attenuation
Fatty infiltration,
Amyloid,
Hepatic venous congestion,
Steroid use,
Glycogen storage disease (can cause high or low)
Most common ILD associated with Sjogrens
NSIP
(Sjogrens is one of the only CTDs associated with LIP, but NSIP is still more common in Sjogrens)
Tailgut cysts
Presacral space, high T2 and low T1 if simple, or can be complicated by infection, haemorrhage or mucus.
Lack of fat signal excludes endometrioma or dermoid.
Lack of sacral bone defect rules out anterior sacral meningocele
Band heterotopia
Diffuse grey matter heterotopia affecting mostly females.
Band of grey matter deep to and roughly parallel to the cortex.
Most powerful predictor of invasive adenocarcinoma (lung) vs AIS or MIA
Nodule mass
Congenital rubella vs CMV
Rubella more associated with congenital cardiac abnormalities
Glioblastoma
Complete rim enhancement, central fluid signal (necrosis), mild diffusion restriction and increased cerebral blood flow in and around the lesion
