Self Assessment Mock 1 Flashcards
Commonest location for achalasia related malignancy
Mid oesophagus
Sickle cell features
Gallstones,
Calcified spleen,
AVN of hip (MRI: Paired high and low T2 signal lines - aka crescent sign)
HHT features
Multiple AVMs, causing high output cardiac failure (cardiomegaily and lung nodules).
Triad of telangectasia, epistaxis and family hx
NICE Paeds UTI guidelines <6 months
Typical: US within 6 weeks, MCUG if US abnormal
Atypical or Recurrent: US Acutely, MCUG and DMSA in 4-6 months
NICE Paeds UTI guidelines 6-36 months
Typical: No imaging needed
Atypical: US acutely, DMSA 4-6 months
Recurrent: US within 6 weeks, DMSA 4-6 months
NICE Paeds UTI >3 years
Typical: No imaging
Atypical: US Acutely
Recurrent: US within 6 weeks, DMSA 4-6 months
Modic I MRI features
Endplate: T1 low, T2 high, enhancement.
Disc T2 low
Alcoholic gastritis
Commonest cause of thickened gastric folds.
Normal fold thickness is 3-5mm at prepyloric region and 5-10mm at fundus.
Typical GI infection locations
Salmonella - ascending colon
Shigella - sigmoid colon
CMV - ileocolic
HSV - Proctitis
Scattered tiny nodules and calcified hilar nodes - DDx
Sarcoid,
Silicosis,
Amyloidosis,
Histioplasmosis
Indications for immediate (1hr) CTB in adults
GCS <13 at initial assessment or <15 2hrs post injury,
Possible basal skull fracture,
Post traumatic seizure,
Focal neurology,
>1 episode of vomiting
Haematuria, nil concerning on CT urogram, next Ix
Cystoscopy to complete assessment of lower tract
Nephroblastomatosis
Presence of embryonic renal tissue beyond 36 weeks gestation.
Risk factor for Wilms.
Plaque like or nodular appearance, low T1 and T2 with minimal enhancement compared to adjacent renal parenchyma
Extradural vs subdural haematoma
Extradural:
- Usually lentiform,
- Associated with skull fractures
- Do not cross suture lines but can cross midline
- Can be venous or arterial
Subdural:
- Venous
- Crescenteric shape
- Can cross suture lines but not midline
Dermatomyositis
Inflammation of muscles (leading to soft tissue calcification) and rash.
High T2 and stir in muscle, with fatty infiltration in long standing disease.
Associated with underlying malignancy (oesophageal, melanoma, GU, lung) and ILD, so all need CT Chest
Ix for ?urinary injury in pelvic fractures
CT cystogram if catheterised, provides better bladder opacification than delayed CT
Renal TB
Amorphous foci of calcification with shrunken kidney and thinned cortex.
Medullary calcification DDx
Hyperparathyroidism,
Hypothyroid,
Renal tubular acidosis,
Myeloma,
Sarcoid,
Medullary sponge kidney
DISH
Flowing osteophytes affecting 4 or more continuous vertebrae.
Can cause dysphagia if affecting cervical spine.
Calcification of ALL and PLL but facet joints usually spared.
Patellar ligament, calcaneus, iliac crest and elbow can also be calcified.
Post surgical fibrosis vs residual disc
Fibrosis usually has irregular borders and thecal retraction towards area of interest.
Fibrosis causes early enhancement, diminishing after a few years
Hydatid cyst (lung)
Often multiple, mainly lower lobes.
Serpiginous structure within represents water lily sign, a floating membrane within
Most common mets to breast
Lymphoma
Amyloid angiopathy
Microbleeds within the grey-white junction and in cerebellum.
Takayasu arteritis
Usually affects aorta and major branches.
Carotid doppler indicated to assess carotids
