Imaging SBA Module 4 Flashcards
Abnormal axillary node features
Thickened cortex,
Diminished/absent hilum,
Hyperaemic hilum,
Abnormal (nonhilar cortical) blood flow
Bosniak 2 vs 2f
Fine vs thick/nodular calcification
few vs multiple hairline septa
Imaging for suspected urethral injury
Retrograde urethrogram
Medullary sponge kidney
Echogenic medulla in absence of stones.
Affects young to middle aged adults.
Causes of medullary nephrocalcinosis
Hyperparathyroid
Cushings
Hypothyroid,
Medullary sponge kidney
Renal tubular acidosis
Renal papillary necrosis
Bone mets/malignancy
Chronic pyelonephritis
renal TB
Bladder tumour MRI appearances
T1 intermediate (similar to wall, less than fat, can detect invasion)
T2 intermediate (urine is high, muscle is low)
Newly diagnosed upper tract TCC - Ix
Cystoscopy to inspect the lower tract
Acute obstruction (renal) CT appearances
Hyperenhancing cortex with delayed medulla enhancement.
Leaking of contrast due to obstruction, dilatation and rupture of renal calyces
Commonest imaging finding in XGP
Hydronephrosis
Preferred approach for percutaneous nephrostomy
Subcostal, lower pole calyx.
If requiring ureteric intervention, mid or upper pole recommended for easier access to PUJ
Emphasematous pyelonephritis
IVU: may show persistent nephrogram due to delayed excretion.
CT: Kidney enlargement, high amplitude echoes in the parenchyma (not collecting system) due to gas.
Testicular TB
Hypoechoic testis with thickening of tunica albuginea and scrotal wall
Commonest causes of mets to ovaries
Breast,
Colon,
Stomach,
Lymphoma
Endometrioma on MRI
High T1 signal cysts with variable T2 signal and T2 shading due to blood products.
Can be bilateral/multiple
FIGO staging ovarian cancer
1: one or both ovaries
2: extra-ovarian spread limited to pelvis
3: diffuse peritoneal disease involving upper abdomen
4: distant mets
Fibroids MRI
Low T2 with some heterogeneity.
Intermediate T1 with enhancement post contrast
Bicornate uterus
Heart shaped uterus with widely separated uterine horns and single cervix
Gartner duct cysts
Cysts in the anterolateral vagina
MRI of uterus
Images (T2) for anatomy are obtained in coronal or perpendicular plane to long axis of uterine cavity
