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Environmental Science #1 > Selected community sustainability projects > Flashcards

Selected community sustainability projects Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples of small relatively self contained communities trying to be more sustainable?

A

Eigg Scotland
BedZED London

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2
Q

Where is Eigg?

A

A small island of the west coast of Scotland with an area of 31km*2 and 100 residents

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3
Q

What as setup in 1996 in Eigg?

A

Isle of Eigg trust

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4
Q

What was the aim of the Isle of Eigg trust?

A

To buy the island from the existing owner then manage the island for the benefit of the community, wildlife and the wider environment

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5
Q

How is Eigg’s energy sustainable?

A

Eigg is not connected to the national electricity grid
Islands energy strategy emphasises renewables

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6
Q

What was developed for Eiggs electricity in 2008?

A

Island electricity grid to distribute electricity generated by renewable sources with diesel backup generators

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7
Q

How many HEP generators does Eigg have?

A

3 (largest has capacity of 100kw)

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8
Q

What do some individual households on Eigg have to be more sustainable?

A

Micro-hydro systems
solar PV and photothermal systems

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9
Q

How large is in terms of power is Eiggs solar farm?

A

50kw solar PV system

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10
Q

How many wind turbines does Eigg have?

A

4 generating up to 24kw of electricity

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11
Q

What is used for heating in many properties on Eigg?

A

Wood biomass

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12
Q

How are most cars powered on Eigg?

A

mostly petrol or diesel with little electric

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13
Q

What are some examples of habitats that have been protected on Eigg?

A

Sea cliffs (nests for seabirds)
Conifer plantations removed (restore bog and heath)
Rowan tree planted (provide winter bird food)

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14
Q

What sort of birds nest on Eigg?

A

Hen harriers
Golden eagles
White tailed eagles

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15
Q

How have areas with important wild plants been protected? (Eigg)

A

have been fenced for protection from grazing

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16
Q

How is waste and recycling treated on Eigg?

A

Recyclable waste is collected and shipped off the island for recycling
Garden and food waste is composted and used as garden soil improver

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17
Q

What does RBCMA stand for?

A

Rio bravo conservation and management area

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18
Q

Where is Rio bravo?

A

Belize, Central America

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19
Q

What species were selectively logged by the British up to the middle of the 20th century?

A

Mahogany

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20
Q

Who now manages Rio bravo?

A

Belizian NGO ‘programme for Belize’

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21
Q

What is the biodiversity of Rio bravo like?

A

High
200 tree species
400 bird species
70 mammal species

22
Q

Why does current exploitation of the Rio bravo area aim to make money for?

A

The reserve without causing long term damage

23
Q

What sort of areas in the Rio bravo reserve aren’t exploited?

A

More sensitive areas such as wetlands close to rivers

24
Q

What is the focus for tree selection for logging in Rio bravo?

A

The most economically valuable such as mahogany

25
Q

What is needed for trees to be felled in Rio bravo?

A

There must be trees of the same species upwind as there seeds will recolonise the area

26
Q

What allows trees form Rio bravo to be tracked?

A

Each reeled tree us given a unique identification tag allowing it to be traced to its original location

27
Q

Why is tracking of felled trees from Rio bravo done?

A

Used to gain accreditation of sustainable exploitation by the forest stewardship council

28
Q

What are buffer zones near rivers part if the Rio bravo management?

A

No mechanical or harvesting activities can occur near rivers because of the ecological sensitivity of aquatic ecosystems

29
Q

Why are small trees not felled in Rio bravo?

A

As it allows them to grow and be harvested in the future when they are larger

30
Q

Why might some large trees be left in the Rio bravo area?

A

They may be left because they produce many seeds that will help to fill spaces left by felled trees

31
Q

Why is there restricted use of machinery in Rio bravo?

A

Large machines can damage the trunks and roots of trees tat are not going to be felled

32
Q

Why must track roots be planned in the Rio bravo area?

A

Planned to avoid important trees and their roots (including rare trees and one which provide food)
Previous tracks used whenever possible

33
Q

What is done with small branches from felling in Rio bravo?

A

Small branches with low commercial value are given to local artisans (carvers or furniture makers)

34
Q

Why are tree nurseries used in the Rio bravo area?

A

Tree seedlings are raised to increase the number if trees that’s ere over-exploited in the past or which are ecologically important (fruit trees)

35
Q

How is illegal logging controlled in Rio bravo?

A

Rangers patrol the reserve to control illegal logging
Confiscated timber used to pay for conservation activities

36
Q

What is being done for carbon sequestration in Rio bravo?

A

Area of forest is part of a research programme to see the role of forests in reducing global climate change

37
Q

Where has funding for the carbon sequestration programme come from? (Rio bravo)

A

Electricity companies
Individuals who want to minimise atmospheric CO2 levels

38
Q

Where is Kalundborg eco-industrial park?

A

Denmark

39
Q

What is the Kalundborg eco-industrial park?

A

Industrial symbiosis project where companies in an area are organised in a way that mimics natural cyclical processes

40
Q

What is done whenever possible with he eco-industrial park?

A

Located o that the raw materials they need are the waste from another industry

41
Q

What can be the use of heat waste from coal fired power stations?

A

Domestic heating
Fish farms

42
Q

What can be the use of sulphur dioxide waste from coal fired power stations?

A

Building plaster manufacture

43
Q

What can be the use of ash waste from coal fired power stations?

A

Road building and cement manufacture

44
Q

What can the organic sludge waste from fish farms be used for?

A

Agricultural fertiliser

45
Q

What can the yeast waste from biotechnology and medicine manufacture be used for?

A

Pig farms (food)

46
Q

What can the fermentation sludge waste from biotechnology and medicine manufacture be used for?

A

Agricultural fertiliser

47
Q

What can the natural gas waste form oil refinery be used for?

A

Burnt in coal fired power stations

48
Q

What is the restriction to renewable energy?

A

Restricted by geographical and temporal availability

49
Q

What do large scale electricity grids allow for?

A

Make it possible to distribute electricity from area of surplus to areas of shortage

50
Q

What is the problem alternating current?

A

Requires every power station to be generating so that it can synchronise to be in phase with all others (difficult with a wide range of countries)

51
Q

What has been proposed to be able to harness more renewable energy?

A

Several large scale direct current projects

52
Q

What is an example of a large scale direct current project?

A

Pan Asian Energy infrastructure (Eastern Asia)

Environmental Science #1 (90 decks)

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