Forest exploitation and management

Question 1

What did traditional woodland management teachniques involve?

Answer 1

Maximising yields of forest products
Rarely ever total removal of natural forest
Retention of mixed species and aged trees

Question 2

What can oak be used for?

Answer 2

Timber-framed buildings
Ship building

Question 3

What can beech be used for?

Answer 3

Furniture and tool handles

Question 4

What can Ash (the tree) be used for?

Answer 4

furniture
Roof timbers

Question 5

What can holly be used for? (the tree)

Answer 5

Mathimatical instruments
Walking sticks

Question 6

What can Hazel be used for?

Answer 6

Fencing panels
Interwoven wall panels

Question 7

WHat is the standard trees management method?

Answer 7

trees that were grown to maturity for production of large timbers for buildings and ships

Question 8

What is the coppicing management method?

Answer 8

Cutting trees to groun level on 1 to 20 year cycle depending on wood use

Question 9

What were the re-grown branches from coppicied trees used for?

Answer 9

baskets
fencing
charcoal
wall panels
roof rafters

Question 10

What is the pollarding management method?

Answer 10

similar to coppicing
trees cut above ground level so regrowin branches cant be eatne by livestock

Question 11

Is there any current demand for pollard or coppiced wood?

Answer 11

NO very little

Question 12

Why might demand for fuel wood drop?

Answer 12

People switch to fossil fuels or electricity

Question 13

What are traditionally managed woodland being replaced by?

Answer 13

large scale uses such as chiped wood for sheet construction material and plywood for concrete shuttering

Question 14

How has harvesting of woodlands changed over time?

Answer 14

Chnaged form selective logging or cutting to large scale felling

Question 15

What might natural woodlands be replaced by?

Answer 15

Single species plantations of selected species

Question 16

Why are the tree species selected for cultivation often non-indiogenous?

Answer 16

may be better adapted to environmental conditions and are less likely to suffer from pests or disease

Question 17

What is the problem with cultivating non-indigenous tree species?

Answer 17

less likely to support indigenous wildlife as interspecies needs for food, pollination, seed dispersal or habitats are less likely met

Question 18

What are some examples of non-indigenous forestry plantations?

Answer 18

UK- sitka spruce and Douglas fir, Corsican pine

Question 19

Why might single species plantations be used to mange woodlands?

Answer 19

Management easier
Planting, thinning and felling can occur over a large area at the same time

Question 20

Why is close planting used? (woodland management method)

Answer 20

PLanting seedlings close together makes them compete for light so grow tall and straight
Low light levels inhibit growth of other plants that might compete for water or nutrients
Reduced wildlife diveristy

Question 21

Why is simple age structure used in woodland management?

Answer 21

planting trees at same time is easier
All trees will be similar size

Question 22

What is the problem with growing similar size trees?

Answer 22

variety of abiotic factors will be reduced reduciong the amount of wildlife that can survive

Question 23

When are trees in commercial plantations usually felled?

Answer 23

When income will be the greatest
Normally when approaching full size and growth rate is declining

Question 24

What is the differnce between commeriacl and natural woodlands?

Answer 24

There will be less dead wood in commerical which supports invertebrates and species that feed on them (wood peackers)